「湯守仁案」是研究戰後臺灣政治案件相當重要的一份史料。由於多位涉入本案的原住民菁英，在西元（以下同）1950年前後的臺灣山地社會頗具影響力，且與山地事務關係密切，因此這份檔案很適合用來瞭解戰後初期臺灣山地的部分樣貌。本文嘗試透過「國家發展委員會檔案管理局（簡稱檔案局）」所藏之相關政治事件檔案，與前人既有之研究成果，以「湯守仁等叛亂及貪污案」為中心，探討戰後初期的臺灣山地管控，特別是有關戰後初期山地行政的缺失，以及黨國力量是採取何種方式有效地掌控臺灣山地。

The "Tang Shou-Jen Incident" file is very important for the historical study of the political incidents in early post-war Taiwan. Because a number of aboriginal elites were involved, some even had great influences on the mountainous community around the year 1950, in addition, these people were closely related to the mountainous affairs, this file may best reflect the situation of the Taiwan mountain at the time. Therefore, in this paper, we attempt, by studying the files of the early 1950s released by the National Archives Administration, with certain references to the results of some precedent historical researches, to take the "Tang Shou-Jen Incident" file as our principal study case, so as to investigate the administrative control of the mountainous terrain in Taiwan in the early post-war period, taking especially the focus on the administrative faults in the region, and the effective means by which the party-state forces controlled the area.