[ 摘要 ]

中文摘要

本研究試以質性研究之深度訪談，來了解屏東縣霧台鄉魯凱族的性別制度，並輔以Connell的性別關係，茲以分析。故本研究之研究目的有三：

一、了解傳統魯凱族性別制度之內涵。

二、了解現代魯凱族性別制度之內涵。

三、探討魯凱族對性別制度變遷之看法及其影響之因素。

研究者將訪談資料分為婚姻制度、繼承制度與性別分工三個面向，歸納整理出以下幾個結論：

壹、婚姻制度

一、傳統魯凱族的婚姻以嫁娶婚為主，具有權力、情感與生產關係。

二、入贅的婚姻是為特例，其中具有權力關係與生產關係。

三、男女互訴衷曲的方式mwapalapalange為婚姻的前奏曲，具權力、生產與情感關係。

四、魯凱族男女締結婚約係以父母之命、媒妁之言為主，非常相信「緣份」的力量。

五、傳統魯凱族的洞房儀式女子緊裹私處、男子奮力突圍，富情感、符號與權力關係。

六、魯凱族對離婚持「合則來，不合則散」的態度，當中富性別關係意涵。

七、傳統魯凱族象徵女子貞潔與男子善獵的百合花，深具性別關係。

貳、繼承制度

一、魯凱族的繼承模式為長男、長女繼承，具強烈的權利、情感與生產關係。

二、女嗣繼承為繼承制度中的特例，其中具有明顯的權力、情感與生產關係。

三、非婚生子女的繼承權，端視認養儀式而定，而認養上性別的偏好為性別關係中的情感關係。

參、性別分工

一、傳統狩獵為男人專屬活動，紡織為女性的專屬工作，充滿禁忌，不可跨性別參與。

二、家務分工在「男主外，女主內」的原則下，彼此體諒互助。

三、傳統女性參與公共事務的機會有限，如今女性參與公共事務機會增加，惟仍有「男主外，女主內」的傾向。

四、傳統祭儀中女性多擔任輔助的角色，其中具權力關係。

並針對結論提出傳統文化的傳承與未來研究方向兩方面的建議。

[ 英文摘要 ]

Abstract

The Qualitative Research adopts an in-depth interview to understand the gender institution of Rukai in Wutai Township of Pingtung County. With the analysis of gender relations from Connell’s research, the three purposes include:

1. To understand the contents of traditional Rukai gender institution.

2. To understand the contents of modern Rukai gender institution.

3. To discuss Rukai’s views on the transit of the gender institution and the impact of it’s change.

The researcher divides the research among three dimensions: marriage, inheritance system, and gendered division of labor:

I. Marriage

1. Traditional Rukai marital system is based upon “嫁娶婚”, with the interrelationship of power, affection, and production.

2. An exceptional case is that a man becomes a son-in-law living in the wife’s home, and the power-production relationship is generated.

3. “Mwapalapalange,” the way a couple proposes their love to each other, is a prelude of marriage, with the interrelationship of power, affection, and production.

4. The Rukai people have strong belief in “fate”. The unmarried couple becomes husband-and-wife in terms of arranged marriage.

5. Tradition way for a couple to make love at the wedding night is that the man fiercely tears of the bandage tied up in the woman’s genitals, with implication of affection, signs, and mastery.

6. The attitude towards marriage is that “love, together; love not, go separate way,” embedded the meaning of gender relations.

7. Lily, a symbol of virtuous women and skillful hunting men, implies gender relations.

II. Inheritance System

1. Traditional Rukai inheritance system lies in that the eldest son and daughter have the right of succession, with the relations of power, affection, and production.

2. That the women succeed to the estate is an exception, with manifest relations of power, affection, and production.

3. The Illegitimate children’s right of inheritance is mainly based upon the regulation adoption. Preference for either male or female is related to affection.

III. Gendered division of labor

1. Hunting is for men as home-spinning is for women. It’s forbidden for men to participate in women’s job, and vice versa.

2. Division of labor is in accordance with the social convention that men are breadwinners, and women are housekeepers, who are thoughtful and helpful to each other.

3. Women have more opportunities than they had before to take part in public affairs, but it’s apparent that they are still taken as roles of what they are.

4. Women play an assistant role during the conventional ceremonies, with which mastership is related.

According to the above conclusions, pass-down of the tradition and the future study will be two proposals of the research.