[ 摘要 ]

本研究主要探討台灣地區國家公園邁向永續經營管理之指標評量系統，以及可以衡量之永續指標項目，並以玉山國家公園為案例操作。應用之理論或典範包含「永續發展理念和指標評量系統」、「保護區和國家公園經營管理」、「自然度理論」、「植物樣區理論」、「生態旅遊及體驗」等；研究方法除進行文獻分析以獲得國家公園永續指標評量系統模式外，並採用質性研究之專家意見深度訪談、原住民深度訪談、遊客滿意度問卷調查、管理人員和志工認同感問卷調查、AHP階層分析等，以及研究者個人長期從事國家公園規劃和管理之經驗等。

研究結果為研提「台灣地區國家公園永續經營管理指標系統」定義及內容，以及八個永續指標及衡量標準；經實證操作於玉山國家公園，各指標獲得之分數併列：(1)國家公園自然度指標(81.258分)，(2)國家公園物種調查完整度指標(42.5分)，(3)國家公園永久樣區指標(36分)，(4)國家公園保育研究經費比率指標(39.9分)，(5)國家公園人文經社計畫經費比率指標(35.44分)，(6)原住民或當地住民對國家公園認同感指標(以原住民為主，88.1分)，(7)遊客對國家公園生態旅遊服務滿意度指標(94.7分)，(8)管理處人員和志工對國家公園認同感指標(85.63分)。

另一研究結果為進行AHP階層分析，得知「玉山國家公園自然度指標」最為重要，比重值為0.206；其次為「遊客對玉山國家公園生態旅遊服務滿意度指標」，比重值0.150。統計得知玉山園區現階段之永續經營管理分數總值為70分。

本研究之結論若從可行性、評鑑性和永續性觀點來看，建立該永續評量系統和發展可以衡量的永續指標，有其必要。研究者個人的創見，包含：建立台灣地區國家公園永續經營管理指標系統及各永續指標內容；應用自然度理論、植群樣區理論和物種調查之廣泛度及深度來探知國家公園推動長期生態研究之成果；再以我國歷年編列國家公園保育研究經費之相關經驗，提出該指標衡量標準；其他成果為得知遊客對玉山園區生態活動之看法，原住民對玉管處之期許，以及將志工看成國家公園管理之一環，和管理處人員共同擔負廣幅園區之保育研究及遊憩服務工作，並從全面問卷普查中獲知這些人員的精闢意見。

本研究並建議我國國家公園主管機關和學術界能重視永續指標之量化特質及功能，除了持續鼓勵學術研究外，並能將該評量機制納入作為各國家公園行政管理績效評估之參考。



[ 英文摘要 ]

The study was devoted to present the management indicator system and measurable criteria in Taiwan’s national parks, by the case study of Yushan National Park. Those practical thesis or paradigms used in this study includes the concept of sustainable development and indicators-measuring system, management of protected areas and national parks, degrees of nature, the theory of vegetation site, and eco-tourism. Besides literature review, the author also used in-depth interview of specialists and aboriginals, visitors’ satisfaction survey, employees and volunteers’ recognition survey, AHP method and researcher’s long-term experience in national park planning and management to reach the system model of sustainable indicators of national parks.

The result of this study was to submit a definition and context of management indicator system especially for Taiwan’s national parks, 8 sustainable indicators and measurable criteria, by the case study of Yushan National Park. The respective score of each item were as follows: (1) degrees of nature in national park (81.258), (2) integrity of species investigation (42.5), (3) indicator of permanent site (36), (4) expenditure ratio of conservational study (39.9), (5) expenditure ratio of anthropo-centric project (35.44), (6) recognition of aboriginals or local settlers (aimed at aboriginals, 88.1), (7) satisfaction of eco-tourist (94.7), and(8) recognition of employees and volunteers of national park (85.63).

The result of AHP showed that the degrees of nature in Yushan National Park, with the weight value of 0.206, is the most important, and the visitors satisfaction survey of eco-tour service in Yushan National Park, with the weight value of 0.150, is secondary. The total value of sustainable management score in Yushan National Park was 70.

The study concluded that it is necessary to set a measurable sustainable indicator system in view of its probability, evaluation, sustainability, I shared with my personal creative opinions as below: (1) to set sustainable management indicators’ system and their context, (2) to deeply explore the study outcome of LTER with the comprehensive application of the theory of degrees of nature and vegetation site and species inventory, (3) to submit a measurable criteria according to the related budgeting experience in conservational study, (4) to merge various expectation of different partners, such as visitors, aboriginals, volunteers, employees, to forge a co-management system with full involvement.

The study also suggested that the authorized agency of national park and related academic group will put more emphasis on the quantitative characteristics and function of sustainable indicators. Besides continuing to encourage academic research, and take it as a reference of performance evaluation in national park administration.