[ 摘要 ]

摘 要

森林火災往往造成巨大損失，預防林火，設置永久防火線或防火林帶是值得重視的手段，本研究蒐集林火資料，整理相關文獻，以及就林火因子，人為因素等作一探討，求以防火線之作為達到侷限林火之目的。

本論文從實例探討並整合專家知識，期在防火線作為上，作一番努力，並以森林保育處在大甲溪林區，國有林所開設之防火線作一實例，就其作為之考量因子（氣象、燃料、地形）及林火危險預測與防火林帶之關聯性作一探討。藉由林火原理，研討防火線之寬度及開設位置，然而防火線不是萬靈丹，他難以阻擋團火之飛越，因此防火林帶之規劃將是強化防火線手段之一。為了驗證防火線作為之可行性，以實例研析，並期將成果能作為林業經營機構之參考。經由研析，本報告試擬下面幾個努力方向：

一、台灣防火線設置未依精密估算，多以火災發生次數頻繁地區開設，位置選訂未考量人為活動處所。又未配合通訊連絡網等。

二、防火樹帶配合防火線併用或於立地良好之防火線，逐次植栽防火樹種，形成防火林帶，有利預防林火。

三、防火線作為依林火危險預測決定位置，並逐年逐次形成網格。

四、台灣森林火災之因為人為活動造成，防火線設置位置選擇首應考量：

（一）農場墾地（含果菜園）農村、山胞保留地與森林交界處。

（二）遊憩區、人為活動地區與森林接合處。



[ 英文摘要 ]

Abstract

Forest fire inevitably causes huge damages. To prevent fire disaster, it is worth the effort to set up permanent fire breakers or fire preventive zone.

This study is for the purpose of preventing forest by gathering historical records of forest fire, organizing related articles about forest fire causes in order .as well as the human elements in order to limit the forest fires.

This theme makes effort on the fire breaks by searching exports knowledge and some truly samples .For sample the fire break had been established in Tachia forest district which is managed by F.C.M.A , we consider the relations between predetermined variable of forest fire and fire break(such as weather , fire fuels , terrain).Searching the best width and position of fire breaks through the principles of forest fire . But fire break is not cure-all, it hard to stop a fly fire. Hence, it is more important to plan the fire break tree belt in order to force fire break. This theme wants to prove the workability of fire break and hope to be reference by the manager of forest. It works on certain terms as list:

1. In Taiwan, the setting of fire prevention line has not been through careful calculation, but by the way of frequent happening forest fire in some certain areas, not only human action are not considered, but also coordination with communication connected network etc. has not been lading.

2. It is the best way to prevent forest fire by planting fire break trees in combination with fire breakers, to create a fire preventive areas. There is a limitation for the fire break tree belt, which is that it is no beautiful to grow fire out break in poor ridge. Also it could not produce a significant impact on presenting forest fire.

3. Fire break should be choice in ridgeline et is a good position if it is excellent to cut forest fire, also fire break could fluently form an alliance with natural terrains such as forest-lined road , river etc .

4. If the forest fire was resulted in human action .The best position selected for fire break should be:

(1) On the border between farm reclamation area including orchard plantations or vegetable farms, areas around country villages , aboriginal tribes reserved land and forest.

(2) Areas around recreation zone and human action area next to a forest.