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從傑克•戴維斯的《頭生兒三部曲》中看澳洲原住民生存的毅力
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| 作者 |
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邵姵蓉 |
| 學校系所 |
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國立政治大學英國語文學研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
澳洲原住民已經生存在澳洲大陸長達四萬年。他們有著自成一套的宗教系統、神話、風俗習慣、語言和藝術，遵循著使人和自然都共榮的生存方式。但是，由於白人的入侵，企圖強占他們的土地，使得澳洲原住民幾乎要絕滅。在大規模的屠殺和白人從歐洲帶來的傳染病流行之下，原住民的人口急遽減少，連他們的文化都受到威脅。因此，原住民成為澳洲社會中被邊緣化的少數族群。
因此，此篇論文要援引巴赫汀（Mikhail Bakhtin）提出的「時空型」的概念、法國史學家納拉（Pierre Nora）對於記憶的看法及相關的原住民文化，去探討傑克•戴維斯在《頭生兒三部曲》中，顯示出白澳社會對於原住民的壓迫及原住民在重建文化記憶和原住民本質的強化之下，所表現出來生存的毅力。第一章包含了白人和澳洲原住民接觸的歷史背景、傑克•戴維斯及其劇作的簡介，其他評論家對於《頭生兒三部曲》的評論。第二章中，我要援引巴赫汀的「時空型」的概念來討論在白人政府的壓迫之下，原住民所處嚴酷的社會環境及原住民弱勢的社會地位給原住民帶來的影響。第三章則援用納拉對於記憶的論點來分析戴維斯藉由說故事、舞蹈和夢境來創造「記憶場域」（lieux de mémoire）以保留原住民對於其文化的記憶。第四章則是探討原住民本質所帶來的能力增強。藉由此能力強化，原住民得到了對抗白人迫害的力量，且可以為自己發聲。第五章則是為前四章所論做總結。
[ 英文摘要 ]
Indigenous Australians have lived in Australia for 40,000 years. They develop their own system of religion and mythology, social conventions, language and arts, observing a life that can make both the environment and human beings prosperous. But Aboriginals are driven to extinction by the White who intend to possess their land. Because of large scale of massacres and diseases, both the number of Aboriginal population and their culture are endangered. Indigenous Australians become the marginalized minority in Australian society.
Therefore, with the reference to Mikhail Bakhtin’s idea of the chronotope, Pierre Nora’s concept of memory and related Aboriginal culture, this thesis aims to discuss that Jack Davis, in The First Born trilogy, presents the oppression of White Australian society to Aboriginal people and displays Aboriginals’ persistence in survival through the reconstruction of Aboriginal memory and the empowerment of Aboriginality. Chapter One includes the general historical background of the contact between the White and Aboriginals, the introduction to Jack Davis and his plays, and the criticism on Davis’s trilogy. In Chapter Two, I take advantage of Bakhtin’s idea of the chronotope to discuss the severe social environment of indigenous Australians who are oppressed by the White Australian government and the social consequences of Aboriginals’ disadvantaged position in society. Chapter Three aims to utilize Pierre Nora’s concept of memory to analyze that Davis, through stories, dances, and dream visions, creates lieux de mémoire to preserve Aboriginal memory. Chapter Four concentrates on the empowerment of Aboriginality, which offers a subversive force for Aboriginals to fight against the White persecution and have their voice heard. Chapter Five is the concluding chapter to wrap up these three plays.
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