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原鄉地區隔代教養之現狀分析：以花蓮縣光復鄉為例 The Comprehensive Picture of Grand parenthood for Amis People in Indigenous Area
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| 作者 |
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陳翠臻 |
| 學校系所 |
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國立東華大學族群關係與文化研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
近十年來，媒體都一直在凸顯原鄉地區的隔代教養問題日益嚴重，但其大都由主流社會的角度來思考。本研究則是想從原住民自身的角度探討祖孫兩代對隔代教養的看法，瞭解造成此現象的結構性因素，並提出具有原住民主體性的解決之道。本研究採質性研究中深度訪談的方式蒐集資料，共訪談十五位光復鄉的隔代教養祖輩與孫輩，以及當地三位現任教師，訪談資料中主要發現如下：
一、受訪者也覺知到隔代教養的缺失，不過他們的回答比媒體還要深刻許多。包括孫輩必須承受異樣的眼光、孫輩學業成績普遍低落、孫輩自我期許低落、孫輩過早接觸酒品、祖輩對孫輩過度寵愛、祖輩的真正壓力來自經濟、祖輩缺乏較新的養育資源與資訊、以及代間溝通困難等。
二、受訪者非常肯定隔代教養有其正向的作用，此也是被媒體或其他研究所忽略之點。此正向作用包括有文化得以傳承、孫輩得以發展強烈的族群認同和敬老尊賢倫理觀念、孫輩具有發揮天賦的機會、兩代能享受天倫之樂、祖輩能學習新語言，進而與外界溝通、孫輩自我照顧能力強和生活適應能力較佳等。
三、導致原鄉地區隔代教養的結構因素包括有原鄉地區缺乏工作機會使得父母必須外出工作，且目前的時代變遷使得原鄉地區的家庭離異比例過高和傳統文化的喪失等。
從主流社會的角度看來，或許隔代教養的確有其負向效果，但若由原住民的角度，特別是文化傳承的角度來看，則會發現此一生活方式對保存原住民的傳統文化是非常重要的，並得以讓傳統文化有向下紮根的可能。研究者也根據上述研究發現提出若干具有原住民主體性的服務建議，以作為社福機構工作者、政府單位及未來研究者的參考依據。
[ 英文摘要 ]
The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive picture of the grand parenthood of Amis people lived in indigenous area. An in-depth interview was conducted to collect their subjective perception about this predominant issue. Our fifteen respondents include grandparents, grandchildren and three teachers from local primary school. The qualitative results clearly indicate three main issues:
1. Grandparenthood did reveal certain deficiencies as indicated in the mass media. However, our respondents express many deeper thoughts about this than mass media did. They expressed deeper concerns about stigmatization that grandchildren need to bear, low school achievement and aspiration of grandchildren, early usage of alcohol for grandchildren, role conflict for grandparents, economic pressure in the family, shortage of nurture information for grandparents, and communication gap between grandparents and grandchildren.
2. Our respondents emphasized more on the benefits of grand parenthood that did not mention in the mass media or academic studies. Most benefits are related to culture and ethnic identity. Other benefits include joyful lives shared between grandparent and grandchildren, the freedom of grandchildren to develop their potential due to lack of parents’ supervision. They also mentioned that in order to talk with grandchildren, grandparent needs to study new language and which open a new door for them to communicate with outside world. Also the freestyle of nurturing avails grandchildren of the opportunity to be independent, which further increases their adaptation to the society.
3. Two structural reasons for grand parenthood prevail in Amis tribe were due to lack of job opportunities in indigenous area, and disorganization of family. Government should pay more attention to economic development of remote area and family education for indigenous people.
We then conclude that grand parenthood in indigenous area is not just a problem as main stream suggested, and needs to be understood from Amis points of view. In addition, policy and service implications were included.
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