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以場所精神探討台灣農村聚落的空間歷史-以日南地區為例 Genius Loci Probing into the Spatial History of the Rural Settlements in Taiwan - A Study on Rihnan
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| 作者 |
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洪瑞宗 |
| 學校系所 |
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大葉大學設計研究所碩士在職專班 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
台灣農村聚落歷經移墾、日治、戰後重建到現在工商業的融入，聚落的形成是屬有機的。從先民就地開墾引水灌溉農作，接著日政府的地籍重測、水圳重建及水利組合系統，一直到戰後的重建、土地改革及都市計畫，歷經清代、日治、國民政府等三個政治體的統領改革，以及世界觀的洗禮，台灣農村聚落社會化是多元而豐富的。在此時空背景下，祭祀系統、地景與自然災害、交通系統及日常生活等四大項的空間結構裡，有實體、有虛體的場域存在，人與環境間的共生，使人立基於天地四方，存在的意義被顯現。而這些具有清晰顯現的場所特性和富有意義的地方感是我們共同生活的空間，但是隨著時代的變遷，場所的意義發生質變，甚或造成場所精神的淪喪。
惟有重新找回這些具有場所精神的歷史空間，才能找回我們生活的目標性。但這些歷史空間無法純然植基於科學化的理性數據，我們必須還原事實真相，本研究透過「存在」的觀念來回溯歷史，嘗試使用以Kevin Lynch所提出的五種城市意象型式，經由分析，呈現不同時代的聚落發展的圖像；並以Juhani Pallasmaa所提出的建築感覺，以身體體驗的知覺現象學為前提，來剖析歷史空間。
大甲日南地區聚落的發展以大河體系為生活背景，包含著平埔族原居地、移民開墾、水圳開發、交通發展及都市計畫介入等元素，形成日南庄、日南社庄、九張犁庄及樹仔腳庄舊聚落及新興的日南街聚落，足以呈現完整而豐富的台灣農村聚落歷史變遷，實為典型的台灣農村聚落發展史的代表。
本研究試圖以大甲日南地區之聚落為研究對象，時間設定在1904到2006年間的時空背景，藉由Kevin Lynch及Juhani Pallasmaa這兩種西方的理論為基礎，以歷史回溯、居民共同意識、身體知覺體驗等方法來剖析大甲日南地區的新舊聚落具場所精神之歷史空間，並從中獲得解構農村聚落的方法，以及其可行性與限制後，作為台灣農村聚落歷史空間的詮釋依據。
[ 英文摘要 ]
The villages in Taiwan have its history of translation from immigration , the Japanese cultivation and the post-war reconstruction. Our ancestors led the water into their fields and then the Japanese government re-measured the land and built a complete irrigation association. The KMT government made the post-war land reform and the new city and town projects. Viewing from the different stages of Taiwanese countryside, it has presented a diversified sight of organic and abundant miniature. People in this environment appear to be more combined with the living space which is especially emphasized on the worship, the landmark and natural disasters, the traffic and the daily life. People live in the universal space ,so the existence of men appears to be meaningful. With the changes of time, the property of these spaces changes all the time. We can hardly get the good old day back. The spirit of the place gradually diminishes.
Therefore we would try to get back such a space spirit. What the research wants to explore is to represent the relationship between the people in the countryside and the old historical spaces. Substantial life and abstractive memories find its balance through the upgrowth of common spacial feelings. We try to adopt Kevin Lynch’s “the five images of the city” and Juhani Pallasmaa’s” seven senses of architecture” to present the historical space in the study. The spatial spirit should be analysed by various senses and phenomenology of architecture. And here the scientific data doesn’t seem so important in this field.
The village of Rihnan bases its natural development on a river which fertilizes many areas in Rihnan. They include the old settlements of Rihnan, Rihnanshe, Jioujhangli,and Shuzaijia, and the new settlement of Rihnanjei. We can get a typical and exact idea of translation of Taiwanese settlements from the study. Probing into the Genius Loci (the spirit of place), we use the western theories of Kevin Lynch and Juhani Pallasmaa to explain the connections between a historical place and the people. The time is set from 1904 to 2006. We have a return to the old time and under the common sense of the residents and the sensation of the body, we can make the rural historical space deserve more careful pondering. And the most important thing is we get methods of decoding the rural settlements. By using the methods, we analyse the possibilities and restricions to apply into the historical space and form a clearer conclusion.
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