依類型 族群 主題   
 
 
2006.06.01 ~ 2007.06.01
再現、認同、族群關係—以《土地與靈魂》、《倒風內海》、《餘生》為研究對象
作者 吳信宏
學校系所 國立成功大學台灣文學研究所
地點 全臺 全部  
研究內容 [ 摘要 ]

1980年代後,原住民歷史成為漢人認同政治的鬥爭場所,不同立場的漢人試圖再現原住民歷史以建構各種漢人身份。本文在第二章整理歸納出幾種具代表性的論述類型,發現這些論述縱使理念不同,但它們都同樣透過血緣、文化、原漢族群衝突這三條路徑連結原住民。在這樣的背景下,我以三位漢人作家的作品作為分析對象,它們分別是王幼華《土地與靈魂》(1990)、王家祥《倒風內海》(1995)、以及舞鶴《餘生》(1999),瞭解這些創作如何藉由再現原住民歷史打造各種漢人身份,建構了哪些認同,族群關係又如何被安排與設計。我先在第三章中分析三位作家面對原住民議題的主張,王幼華是從接合外省人認同與台灣人認同的立場出發,他認為原住民與漢人的歷史凸顯了福佬沙文主義的問題;王家祥則是主張要重建台灣本土文化,並把原住民文化融合在其中,成為重要的成分;至於舞鶴則從批判的立場出發,質疑各種對原住民的再現背後隱藏的權力問題,但是他卻沒有提出自己清楚的主張。第四章則進入文本分析的的部分,《土地與靈魂》試圖召喚一種新移民認同,在文本所介入的當代脈絡裡所對應的其實就是外省人認同,但由於再現策略的問題,導致小說最後只能打造出正面的外省人認同,福佬系漢人與原住民卻被本質化為加害者與受害者。《倒風內海》則試圖建構台灣文化認同,化解原漢族群衝突的歷史矛盾,但文本也同樣以本質主義的方式再現原住民,導致原住民注定只能在生存競爭中失敗,使得小說最後所建構的台灣共同體認同,只剩下福佬係漢人,而沒有原住民可以認同的位置。我認為上述這兩個文本的問題,所呈現的都是以本質化的角度來再現其他族群,使得它們的再現實踐並沒有能生產出能增進族群之間願意與差異相處的意願。《餘生》是對本質化再現的問題最具有反省能力的文本,然而小說最後只建構出一種能操作高度策略性書寫能力的漢人認同,由於沒有清楚的認同訊息藉由小說傳達出來,原住民認同與原漢關係的可能因此顯得曖昧模糊。

[ 英文摘要 ]

From the view of the politics of representation, three novels, Land and Soul(1990) , Dou-Fon Nei Hai(1995), and The Remains of Life(1999) are used to analyze the relationship between the representation of aboriginal history and identity construction of Han people. How these texts reframe every kind identity of Han people by representing Taiwan aboriginal history, what identities are set up, and how ethnic relationship is arranged, are the main topics discussed in this thesis. Land and Soul is trying to interpellate an identity of new migrants. The identity implied in the novel is the mainlander identity in modern context in parallel. But owing to the concerns for writing strategies, the positive mainlander identity is shown eventually while the Ho-Lo and the aboriginal are assaulters and victims respectively. Dou-Fon Nei Hai tries to construct Taiwan cultural identity to eliminate the conflicts between Han and the aboriginal. But this text also represents the aboriginal in an essential way, and it results that the aboriginal in Taiwan are doomed to fail in the survival competition. So the collective identity of Taiwan that made in this novel only produces subjective position for Han people but nothing for the aboriginal. The same problem to these two novels is that they just represent other ethnics in an essential way. Therefore, their representation practicing can’t enhance people to get well along with different ethnics. The Remains of Life holds the most introspective power in its text. However, it manipulated a highly strategic writing for Han identity. Without clear identity addressed in the novel, the relationship between aboriginal identity and Han seem obscure and ambiguous.