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花蓮縣秀林鄉山崩土石流災害識覺之硏究
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| 作者 |
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陳婉菁 |
| 學校系所 |
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國立花蓮教育大學鄉土文化研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
花蓮縣秀林鄉山崩土石流災害識覺之研究
摘 要
民國九十五年三個強烈颱風重創花蓮秀林山地鄉引起為文動機。本文試就秀林鄉特殊地理環境與社區結構探討、易釀災害敏感區之田野露頭調查，並劃定銅門、榕樹、重光、三棧等部落（聚落人口較密集區）為範圍，透過問卷調查、耆老訪問等過程，以了解當地居民對山崩土石流自然災害的認知態度與調適行為、防災識覺與因應策略，以為嗣後政府有關當局及學校防災教材之借鏡參酌。
經問卷及訪問結果分析，可得知如下主要結論：
秀林鄉居海陸板塊縫合帶，其構造、地形、氣候皆符合高自然災害之要件。原住民具有生態平衡之「蓋雅」傳統環境價值觀，對環境之容忍度高，且能用自我或睦鄰方式把災情自我癒合。原住民有安土重遷習性，但年輕一輩有嚮往都市繁華趨勢，彼等對自身所處環境已有調適能力，但有二成居民身繫危處。各社區對災害類型與嚴重性因區域而異。對政府歷年之防災工程咸認溝通不足、缺乏信心。村民對防災之平時準備及事後復建尚無法建立有效機制。政府歷年投下水保工程設施，有半數以上民眾肯定，但彼等認為提高居民經濟收益、展現其豐沛之自然景觀與樸拙之傳統文化才是當務之急。
本研究在各社區挑出之坡地敏感區露頭九處，並依災情嚴重性略為1～5級，經訪問調查結果，認同度達75﹪，可知社區敏感區基礎調查建檔後與居民溝通達成共識，是另一個新的研究課題。
關鍵字：秀林鄉、山崩、土石流、災害識覺、防災與復建
[ 英文摘要 ]
The Study of Hazard Perception of Landsides and Mudflows in Shulin Shiang, Hualien County
Abstract
The motivation of the study came from the devastation of Shulin Shiang, Hualien County, by 3 strong typhoons in 2006. This study aimed to discuss the special geographic environment and social structure of Shulin Shiang, investigate the outcrops in areas vulnerable to disasters, and conduct a survey on locals in Tungmen, Jungsu, and Sanchan tribes (more densely populated areas). Through interviews with elderly seniors, the researcher attempted to understand local people’s cognition of and reaction to landslides, mudflows, and other natural disasters as well as hazard perception and coping strategies. The research results were expected to serve as a reference for the government or school authorities to prepare anti-disaster teaching materials.
According to the analysis of questionnaire and interview results, the findings included:
Shulin Shiang is geographically located on the junction of sea and land tectonic blocks, and its structure, terrain, and climate meet the elements of severe natural disasters. Aborigines have the value of ecological balance as stated in the Gaia hypothesis. Their endurance of the environment is high and they can recover by themselves or helping each other in the neighborhood. Aborigines are used to resettlement, but younger generations tend to pursue the life in big cities. Despite their adaptation to the environments, about 20% of local citizens still live in dangerous zones. Types and severity of disasters varied from community to community. As to the anti-disaster constructions over the years, insufficient communication and lack of confidence was observed. No effective mechanism for the regular preparation for anti-disaster works and post-disaster reconstruction had been established among local villagers. Half of them recognized with government’s investment on water-preserving constructions over the years, but they still conceived that elevating local people’s economic benefit and presenting the rich natural landscape as well as the traditional cultures is the priority in the meantime.
This study selected 9 sensitive hill outcrops in every community and graded the severity of the disasters from level 1-5. The interview results had a 75% level of consensus. Thus, the filing of investigation into sensitive community and the consensus among local citizens would be another direction for further studies.
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