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酒的商品化與原住民飲酒行為及其相關健康問題 一個政治經濟學的歷史分析
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| 作者 |
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陳慈立 |
| 學校系所 |
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國立成功大學公共衛生研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
審視目前台灣原住民的健康情形，在許多公共衛生指標的表現相較起台灣地區全體國民的健康情形都來的差，尤其在飲酒相關健康問題，如慢性肝病肝硬化、事故傷害、痛風、消化道疾病等方面，差異更是顯著。而在飲酒相關行為方面，原住民族群或地區也出現較高的酒癮盛行率，甚至與非原住民族群有差距急遽加大的情形。在國外，針對各原住民族群的飲酒行為及其相關健康問題的探究，已經清楚必須從政治經濟的歷史分析才能夠在脈絡清楚的情況下，對原住民飲酒行為及其相關健康問題有更好的詮釋與分析。
因此，本研究在宏觀層次以收集相關的二手歷史資料，一則用來分析原住民飲酒行為及其相關健康問題的歷史變化情形，再者用來暸解酒在原住民社會商品化的歷程。而在微觀層次，筆者深入田野－月桃村，從南台灣這個排灣部落的環境變遷及族人的生命經驗中，釐清原住民個人的生命經驗又是如何反映出整體社會環境的改變。
本研究發現，受到台灣政治經濟變遷影響之下，原住民生存在社會關係不斷變動的環境中，在嘗試適應變動的過程中，原住民可能也因此受到挫折與傷害；而同樣在台灣政治經濟變遷影響之下，酒的商品化與市場化逐漸滲透進入原住民的生活當中，致使酒成為生活中隨處可得的商品。如此一來，更促成這群生命受挫的原住民以飲酒來作為逃避與調適困頓的手段，長久下來，飲酒行為的變化及其所導致的飲酒相關健康問題的惡化也就因而產生。
[ 英文摘要 ]
In Taiwan, the health status of aborigines is worse than the average of the total population in many public health indices. The disparity is even greater in drinking-related health problems, including cirrhosis of liver, unintentional injuries, gout, digestive diseases etc. Alcoholism is also a more serious problem in aboriginal areas in Taiwan. Furthermore, this problem is worsening in the past few decades. How can Taiwanese aborigines’ serious drinking-related health problems be analyzed? Some studies conducted by a few Western anthropologists regarding alcoholism of the natives in various countries demonstrates that, in order to obtain a better understanding of this problem, it is very important to study it in a historical and political-economic context.
This study is based on both macro- and micro-level data. At the macro-level, we collected the secondary data of (1) the changes in Taiwanese aborigines’ drinking behavior and drinking-related health problems and (2) the commidification of alcohol in aboriginal areas in particular and in Taiwan in general. At the micro-level, we conducted an in-depth case study of the Yue-Tao village in southern Taiwan, where the residents are primarily Pai-wan aboriginal people. We studied the social change of the village and the changes in Pai-wan aborigines’ life experiences regarding drinking and drinking-related health problems.
Our research demonstrates that the political economic changes in the past few decades in Taiwan have had drastic impacts on the social relations of Taiwanese aborigines. In their efforts in adapting to this rapidly changing political and economic environment, Taiwanese aborigines have encountered many frustrations and daunting life problems. Meanwhile, with the commodification and marketization of alcohol in Taiwan and in aboriginal areas, alcohol has become an easily accessible commodity in aborigines’ daily living. As a result, the aborigines, particularly those who have encountered great frustrations and other problems in their lives, use drinking as means of escape or adaptation. Subsequently, heavy drinking became a prevalent problem and drinking-related health problems worsened among Taiwanese aborigines, as well as Pai-wan aborigines in Yue-tao village.
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