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臺南縣祭祖建築空間形式之硏究
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| 作者 |
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錢昆正 |
| 學校系所 |
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樹德科技大學建築與古蹟維護研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
台南縣境內之族群包含了漢人與平埔族，因此，當地文化呈現出多樣性的風貌。但若要探討不同族群的祭祖文化，其建築空間建構實際存在的情況就必須被討論到。故祭祖建築的遺存，是探討台南縣各族群聚落與祭祀文化間之差異性質中，實質且具體的切入點。是以，本研究主要研究對象係包括閩、客的宗祠及平埔族的公廨。
本論文研究對象為台南縣各族群之祭祖空間，其空間之使用行為與聚落的關係亦是本研究之重點。本研究發現，各族群對於祭祖空間之使用行為及活動儀式，在某種程度上，已經影響後續宗祠與公廨之形式發展，以及祭祀空間與聚落間的互動關係。就宗祠建築本身而言，台南縣許多客籍的宗祠及平埔的公廨，都有「閩南化」的現象，匠師的雇用及漢化為其主要原因。就台南縣的聚落而言，廟宇與宗祠在聚落中的關係是密不可分的，大部分聚落中的廟宇設立，都和來台開基祖所攜帶之神佛有關，進而一些當時開基祖來台的情況，甚至故事，也就一一的被紀錄及流傳下來。宗祠的功能近一、二十年來已漸漸演變成小型活動中心的形式，為的是方便宗親返鄉祭祀祖先，以及宗親會委員平日開會之場所，進而成為聚落中鄉親們聚會的地點；另外，宗祠建築的規模及形式，除了有心經營的宗親，會將宗祠建築接近原貌地保留下來，其餘的宗祠近年來都已由原來的平屋建築改建成樓房建築，更突顯宗祠建築在聚落中的地標性；由上述現象可發現，宗祠建築在台南縣地區聚落中的功能與形式，隨著時間的演進更加的被強化出來。最後，本研究透過調查台南縣之宗祠及公廨，從祭祖空間、聚落及宗族三者間之發展關係的角度切入，將台南縣多元文化的祭祖空間類型、格局加以分析，藉以重新理解台南縣多元文化之演變及發展現象。
[ 英文摘要 ]
Tainan County contains two mainly ethnic groups which are Han and Pingpu tribes, for this reason it represents various cultural. However when studying ancestry worship cultures of different ethnic groups, currently building spaces and formations has to be discussed properly. Consequently religious spaces are substantial and specific major site, between these variation ethnic groups and ancestry worship cultures. For reasons above, this object of study shall be ancestral hall or “Konkai”of Min, Hakka and Pingpu tribes in Tainan county.
This study focuses on the religious spaces between each ethnic group in Tainan County, how spaces put to use with settlements concern also are the key point for this research. This research discovered that each ethnic groups regarding use religious spaces and ceremony performing, in certain way，it’s already influenced the form developments of ancestral hall and “Konkai”, as well as interaction between religious spaces and settlements. As ancestral hall itself, 「Min-Nan」 phenomenon are easily to find whether in ancestral hall or “Konkai”of Hakka or Pingpu, employ Hans’ master carpenters and assimilation are the major reason. As Tainan County’s settlements themselves, temples and ancestral hall are hardly separated, build up temples are always related to the Buddha that ancestry carried to Taiwan, and then circumstances at that time, even stories, are written down and spread around. However the ancestral hall turns into small-scale activities center lately years, for clans and worships convenience, as a conference room for clans council, location for folks gather around. Besides, scale and form shape of ancestral halls, clans who care for the management, maintain the buildings close to original, others appearance a flat surface to the high-rise buildings these lately years, apparently become landmark in the settlement. From the above-mentioned, ancestral halls’ functions and form shapes had more consolidated and emphasized years by years in settlements in Tainan County. In conclusion, through the field researches on ancestral halls and “Konkai” , from the religious spaces, settlement and a patriarchal clan these three relationships’ point of view, analyze this multiple cultures, type of religious spaces and patterns in Tainan County, and re-understand the development phenomenon of this multiple cultures.
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