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文化的殖民與融合 - 從九歌「現代兒童文學獎」得獎作品談起
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| 作者 |
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蔡戶正 |
| 學校系所 |
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國立臺東大學兒童文學研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
摘要
台灣文化的定義，至今仍無法統整出一個令所有人都認同的範疇。遠從原住民文化、漢人文化、日本殖民文化等等，這些不同的文化在台灣交織出一種分不清、理不出的文化面相。面對台灣文化，我們只能說它是以漢文化中的福佬人文化為幹，加入了客家文化、原住民文化、日本文化。近代由於歷史環境及政治環境的因素，台灣文化中又添入了美國的文化材料。又因為『全球化』的影響，使得台灣社會認為美國科技文化是發展的唯一途徑，拼命吸收美國科技文化。台灣文化至此，已經包含了太多外來的文化材料，使得台灣文化本身出現了眾說紛紜的景像。
『九歌現代兒童文學獎』可以說是台灣少年小說的大獎，而這些得獎作品全都是華人作家的創作，其中又以台灣作家為大宗，因此，在『九歌現代兒童文學獎』中，必然充滿了台灣文化的素材。從這些素材中，可以找出目前台灣社會中較為人所討論的三種文化：原住民文化、漢人傳統文化、西方科技文化。根據文本中的呈現，分析這三種文化，可以發現台灣文化是一種相當紛雜，無法統一的文化現象，而這紛雜的文化，對台灣未來的發展必然有著舉足輕重的影響。
後殖民學者霍米．巴巴（Homi .Bhabha）提出文化混雜的概念，並指出不同文化在經過了殖民後，會形成『第三空間』的新文化現象。台灣文化的混雜現象，或者可以從這中間找到一條出路。在經歷了那麼多外來文化的洗禮後，將會形成一個能符合現代化要求，又保有傳統的新台灣文化。
[ 英文摘要 ]
Abstract
So far, there has not been a definition of Taiwan culture of which everyone exactly approves. Aboriginal culture, Han culture, and Japanese colonial culture and other cultures interweave a numerous and complicated phenomenon of Taiwan culture. It is said that Taiwan culture is mainly made up of Fukien culture fused with the Hakka culture, aboriginal culture, Japanese colonial culture. In recent years, Taiwan culture has been added to American culture due to the historical and political environments. Moreover, owing to the influence of the globalization, Taiwan society regards American technological culture as the only way of development, so it desperately receives American technological culture. Taiwan culture has included too many outside cultural sources, and it makes Taiwan culture itself appear a multifarious feature.
Chiuko''s modern children''s literature award could be viewed as the grand prix of the juvenile novel in Taiwan, and these award-winning works are all created by Chinese writers, most of which are Taiwanese writers. Therefore, these award-winning works are certainly filled with the source materials of Taiwan culture. From these source materials, three kinds of cultures can be found: aboriginal culture, traditional Han culture, and western technological culture which are often mentioned and discussed in Taiwan society at present. According to these literature texts, the researcher analyzes three kinds of cultures and finds that Taiwan culture presents a multifarious cultural phenomenon which must have significant effects on the future development of Taiwan.
Postcolonial theorist Homi Bhabha puts forward the concept of cultural hybridity and points out those different cultures will form the new cultural phenomenon “the third space" after the process of colonizing. It might be an outlet for the multifarious phenomenon of Taiwan culture. After going through the baptism of so many outside cultures, it will construct a new Taiwan culture which not only corresponds to the modern feature but also keeps the traditional position well.
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