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雅美語語言活力與語言保存之硏究
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| 作者 |
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林宜慧 |
| 學校系所 |
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靜宜大學英國語文學系研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
本研究主要目的是以調查台東縣蘭嶼鄉雅美族語言活力與語言保存的情形。本文衡量語言活力主要有四個指標：語言使用、語言能力、語言態度及語言認同。此外，以調查雅美語語言流失的情形為案例，希望了解雅美語語言流失的原因，青少年語言流失的情形，以及本土教育的影響，並給予雅美族母語保存之建議。另外，兩個語言保存的網站， http://yamiproject.cs.pu.edu.tw/yami/（蘭嶼達悟語口語資料典藏網）與http://yamiproject.cs.pu.edu.tw/elearn/ （蘭嶼達悟語線上學習網）也會介紹給蘭嶼青少年，並提供青少年族語學習的機會，同時，也會調查青少年對語言保存網站的態度。
本研究主要調查對象是蘭嶼中學一到四年級的青少年，有六個主要的研究方向：（一）青少年在不同情境下的語言使用情形。（二）青少年的雅美語能力。（三）青少年對雅美語的態度與認同感。（四）語言流失的主要原因及語言保存最有效率的方法。（五）青少年對語言保存網站的態度。（六）語言活力的指標。
本研究的調查結果發現大部分青少年很少使用雅美語，而且雅美語語言能力大不如前。雖然朗島村落的青少年雅美語的使用情形最為良好，但是研究發現朗島村落青少年語言能力似乎隨著年齡下降而降低。語言使用的情形及語言能力皆能成為評估語言活力的指標。然而，雖然青少年對雅美語皆有正面的態度與高認同感，但是，語言態度和認同卻無法成為評估語言活力的指標。
為了保存母語，本研究建議：（一）鼓勵族人多使用雅美語。（二）落實母語教育。（三）建立雅美語口語資料典藏。（四）舉辦雅美語語言競賽。而且父母及祖父母是將雅美語傳遞給下一代最適合的人選。
[ 英文摘要 ]
The study aims to investigate Yami language vitality and maintenance. The vitality of a language depends on the language it is used, language proficiency, and attitude toward it. Besides, to examine whether Yami suffer the crisis of language loss, the possible reasons of Yami language loss are also investigated. It is hoped that the observations of Yami language situation among younger generation can ascertain Yami language maintenance and the effect of nativist education. Furthermore, two websites for preserving Yami language, including Digital Archiving Yami Language Documentation http://yamiproject.cs.pu.edu.tw/yami/ and Yami language e-learning center http://yamiproject.cs.pu.edu.tw/elearn/, are introduced to the participants and their attitudes toward the websites will be investigated. The study comprises 164 Yami teenagers, all studying in Lanyu junior high school from the first grade to the fourth grade.. The following six questions are explored: (1) How often do the teenagers speak Yami language in different domains? (2) How well do the teenagers handle Yami language? (3) What attitudes and identity do the teenagers have toward Yami language? (4) What are the possible reasons to affect the vitality of Yami language and what are the efficient ways to revitalize Yami language? (5) What are the attitudes of teenagers toward the Yami language learning websites? (6) Are language use, language proficiency, attitude and identity the indexes of the vitality of Yami language?
The present results establish that the teenagers seldom speak Yami in most of the situations and most of them cannot speak Yami very well. Although teenagers from the most conservative village use more Yami and speak better Yami, their Yami ability seems to decline as the age goes down. The decreasing Yami language use and proficiency indicates that the vitality of Yami declines. Yami teenagers have a positive attitude toward Yami language and identity and they are also aware that their Yami proficiency was not as good as that of the older generation. However, the high Yami identity and positive attitude toward Yami maintenance cannot be the indicators to assure Yami preservation.
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