|
|
 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
非婚生子女的憲法保障
|
|
|
| 作者 |
 |
陳正成 |
| 學校系所 |
|
國立中山大學中山學術研究所 |
| 地點 |
|
全臺 全部
|
| 研究內容 |
|
[ 摘要 ]
非婚生子女，俗稱為「私生子(女)」，從社會面而言，此稱謂充滿著歧視與原罪的感覺。從法律面而言，非婚生子女於私法上之權利並未受到保護，因此身為母親者，必須為子女之利益不顧社會輿論嘲諷與貶謫，而被迫提起強制認領之訴，以確保子女之利益，此正是「婚生推定制度」所帶來之弊害，值得探究之。
在研究方法上，本文採用歷史法、比較法及文獻分析法等方法，以期能對我國之傳統制度、外國之體制均有所涉獵，以免向隅。再者，以國內學者對相關議題之文章予以分析，以求取子女在憲法上之保障。
非婚生子女本屬私法之範疇，關於親屬與繼承部分涉及立法制度及強行規定，恐非私法自治所及。又人民基本權利之規範，憲法無法為鉅細糜遺的規定，其內涵須借由民事法律以充實之，然於非婚生子女之權利上，民事法顯未落實憲法基本權利規範，故有提升為憲法層次討論之必要，而本文即著眼於子女憲法上之保障，故採用憲法上之人性尊嚴、人格權、家庭權、平等權、財產權及訴訟權等為主要架構，並研究「非婚生」子女於憲法上各該權利之保障。
將子女界分為婚生子女與非婚生子女，除造成民法體系之雜亂外，並以法律為歧視非婚生子女之工具，致使人民權利無法落實於法律之中，為此本文草擬修法建議，其中以廢除婚生推定制度為主軸，使得子女不因父母是否結婚而異彼等之權利，輔以保障子女之利益為立法趨向，以使得我國之親子關係得以媲美先進國家。
[ 英文摘要 ]
Illegitimate child is commonly referred to as “bastard,” which contains the implication of discrimination and original sin from social viewpoint. As far as law is concerned, private law doesn’t provide protection for the rights of illegitimate children, whose mothers are therefore forced to file for compulsory recognition without considering consensus and depreciation to ensure their rights, and this is exactly the canker that “Martial Presumption System,” which is worth further exploration.
As for research method, historical method, comparative method, and citation analysis method and so on are adopted herein so as to cover domestic traditional system as well as foreign system. Furthermore, domestic scholars’ articles on relevant issues are herein analyzed to seek protection for children on Constitution.
Laws concerning illegitimate children falls into the category of private Law, for the aspects of relatives and inheritance are relate to legislative system and compulsory regulations which are beyond the governing of private autonomy. Additionally, the regulations of citizen’s basic rights are not stipulated in detail and specifically on Constitution and must be supplemented by Civil Law. Nevertheless, in the respect of illegitimate children’ rights, Civil Law obviously fails to reinforce the regulations of basic rights provided on Constitution. Therefore, it’s a necessity to have it discussed at equal level of Constitution. This essay then focus on protection for children on Constitution and therefore adopts human dignity, personality right, family right, equity, property right, and litigation right recorded on Constitution to build the principal structure and study the protection for the rights of “illegitimate” children on Constitution.
Classifying children into legitimate children and illegitimate children will not only cause confusions in Civil Law system, but convert law into a means to discriminate illegitimate children and then result in public rights impracticable in law. As a result, amendment drafts are proposed herein, taking the abolishment of martial presumption system as the main idea that enables children whether whose parents got married or not to enjoy equal rights with the assistance of children’s rights protection to enable Taiwan’s parent-child relationship to compete with advanced nations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
