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一個深山部落面對現代化處境的生存策略(The Social & Cultural Practice for Surviving in the Modernized Situation:The case of Bunun of TakiBokai.)
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| 作者 |
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黃正璋 (Huang,Cheng-Chang ) |
| 學校系所 |
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國立東華大學族群關係與文化研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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*中心館藏網址:http://0rz.tw/b65ay
[ 摘要 ]
怎麼開始談關於原住民社會的問題？酗酒、雛妓、單親家庭、抑或是婚姻暴力？還是是文化復振、涵化、無可避免的變遷、或者是社區總體營造？多數社會心理研究的取向，指出原住民社會的變遷在現代化影響之下是無可避免的事實，而造成文化資產的消失殆盡；現在原住民社會的各種社會事件，也都是變遷下適應不良的症狀。似乎，這樣的研究，只將原住民視為全然的客體，忽略了原住民生活的主體意識，只能算是單向的研究取向，並不能指出原住民本身因應現代化生活的歷程。
因此本研究試圖找到一個新的途徑，來說明原住民面對現代化處境下的轉折及其微妙互動。借用人類學田野工作的方法，參與原住民部落生活，藉此從中瞭解其日常的行事現象，同時蒐集過去部落生活的圖像，而析解出一套屬於部落過去與現在的行事脈絡。從詮釋歷史性現象的方法出發，找出現代化處境之於原住民社會的圖像，面對過去到現在的現象差異，發現原住民自身因應現代化處境的主體性，指出原住民並非全然地受制於現代化處境，成為一個必然變遷的客體。應該是說，原住民試圖從自身的理解中去找尋出，自身與現代化社會取得動態平衡的互動關係，而這種互動關係造成了部落生活上的改變，而直接的反映在部落的行事脈絡上。因此，這種積極互動下的行事脈絡，可謂為原住民面對現代化處境的生存策略。也就是說，從原住民面對現代化處境的生存策略下，我們可以闢出一條新的途徑來取代傳統涵化或必然變遷的單面解釋。
然而從部落的生活世界（practical world of bunun）出發，我們發覺部落現今的社會實踐（social being of bunun），正以相隨式（complementary）交錯與對抗式（symmetrical）交錯的相交關係，鑲嵌出一種交錯分成（schismogenesis）的行事世界，並且，相隨式交錯與對抗式交錯在現今布農人的社會實踐中達到一種動態平衡的關係。因此，研究者稱這樣動態平衡下的交錯分成狀態為面對現代化處境的生存策略。換言之，現代化處境下的布農族部落生活為何會產生這樣的生活狀態，是因為布農族人的文化本心（cultural being of bunun）與現代化社會運作（social being of Modernized Society）之間相互搓揉所造成的。本研究試圖以部落生活中具體的互動關係與行事脈絡來說明這樣的生存策略。
本研究雖然以一個布農族部落為個案，但本文所探討的問題，其實是可以涉及台灣整體的生活現象。希望藉由本研究，能對於現代化處境下的變遷做一個新的詮釋。
[ ABSTRACT ]
How do we start to think about problems in aboriginal society? Are they about the alcoholism, child prostitution, single-parents family or the marital violence? Or they are the Culture Renaissance, acculturation, resistlessly changes, or the Community Renaissance. Most orientations of the social psychology state: it is absolutely that the aboriginal society has been affecting and changing by the modernization with culture resources vanishing. Furthermore, various social affairs in aboriginal society appear as symptoms of disorder with social changes. Seemly, those orientations objectify the aborigines and ignore their subjective consciousness; the one-dimension studies scarcely illuminate the process of adapting themselves to the modern life.
This study strives for a new access to clarify the point of turning and delicate interactions when the aborigines confront the modernized situation. By the field -work of anthropology, I have involved in tribal life. Meanwhile, the practical context belonging to the tribe has unveiled via comprehending the practical phenomena in everyday life and collecting landscapes of the tribal life in the past. Beginning from the method of hermeneutic historical phenomena, the study delineates the imagery what the aboriginal society pictures the modernized situation to be. The aborigines do not completely submit to the modernization and become the objectified to be changed; they stand with their subjectivity to encounter the differentiation of phenomena from the past and the challenge from the modernization. That is, the aborigines endeavor from their own comprehension to explore the interaction relation what allows the dynamic equilibrium between themselves and the modernized society. The interaction relation changes the tribal life and directly reflects on the practical context. The practical context by the way of positive interaction is the social and cultural practice for surviving in the modernized situation. The practice assists us in opening up a new access to replace traditional one-dimension orientation about acculturation and resistlessly changes.
The study takes a Bunun tribe as the case, however, the question queried here could include the life phenomena in Taiwan as a whole. Hoping by the way of the study, a new hermeneutics about the change under modernized situation would appear. |
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