[ 摘要 ]

民國93年三次的大颱風豪雨，重創台灣中北部地區，七月一日的敏督莉颱風（七二水災），造成33人死亡，20人受傷，12人失蹤，房屋毀損約六百餘戶，僅農林牧業的損失就高達八十五億元以上。同年的8月24∼25日，艾利颱風又帶著強風豪雨，在短短二日内，又帶來超過1,000 mm之累積雨量，使得已柔腸寸断的山坡地區，雪上加霜，再度引發土石災害，造成15人死亡、14人失蹤、399人受傷，部份公共設施受創嚴重，尤其以台中縣和平鄉、新竹縣五峰鄉、尖石鄉災情最為慘重。

本研究為探討93年度「七二」「艾莉」「九一一」三次狂風暴雨，在南投縣仁愛鄉、台中縣和平鄉、新竹縣尖石鄉及五峰鄉，五個原住民部落所造成水土災害的自然（地理、地質、地形、土壤、水文氣象）因子及人文（土地利用）因子，並做現場實地勘查，依據學理對原住民部落所在地的居住合適性及永續性作綜合評估，並以「敬天」、「惜地」、「愛人」之理念，建議對國土保安及各個部落今後生存、生活都有益的全方位永續發展整體對策。本研究採用的方法包括：

1.收集五個原住民部落的自然(地理、地形、地質、土壤、植生、生態、水文氣象)及人文因子(人口、歷史、文化、土地利用)的資料。

2.整理及分析相關資料以了解各地區自然環境(含氣象水文)及人文特性。

3.現場勘查研判颱風豪雨在五個原住民部落造成重大水土災害的原因。

本研究依安全考量(今後遭受土石流、洪水、水土災害等可能性)、利害關係者(包括現住居民)意見、其他社區發展所需居住、就業、就學、購物、就醫等配套措施提供的可能性及難易性等三項目，評估六個原住民部落做為「安居 樂業」適宜居住的地點。

其中安全考量項目包括：

1.自然環境因子

a.位置b.地形c.地質d.土壤e.水文氣象f.植生覆蓋

2.土地利用

3.過去遭受水土災害狀況

4.已作或須作之安全補強措施

本研究亦作現場勘查尋找並評估五個原住民部落合適居住的替代地點。透過妥善的訪談及宣導，向原住民同胞及民意代表、長老說明各對策的學理基礎，優缺點及可行性，確切了解部落居民對各項措施的看法及支持配合落實之意願，必要時透過協商取得共識。以增進原住民族社會福祉和永續發展的基本原則提出松鶴部、土場等五個部落多元化與全方位之永續發展整體對策。

五個原住民部落永續發展的整體對策要包括的考量因子：

1.對策的可行性。

2.執行落實的優先性。

3.相關法律的適應性。

4.交通便利性。

5.水電、購物、醫藥、托護、教育及就業輔導等配套措施。

本研究建議今後應妥善研擬並推動山地部落居民參與各項全方位整體對策的決策及落實機制，依原住民族委員會「部落自主 永續發展」之政策目標，達成社區總體營造，「天不助 自助 人助」的基本原則，建立政府與民眾「責任共負 成果共享」之範例。

[ 英文摘要 ]

Torrential rains brought by typhoons in 2004 has caused disastrous damages to the central-northern Taiwan. The MINDULLE typhoon of July 1st caused 33 casualties, 20 people injuries and 12 missing people. About 600 houses were damaged. The losses in agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry alone were worth more than 8,500 millions NT dollars. On 24th ~25th of August in the same year typhoon brought extremely heavy rainfalls. Within 2 days, the total rainfall exceeded 1,000 mm, causing many landslides. It resulted in 15 deaths, 14 people missing. Some service facilities were seriously damaged, especially in the Hoping township in Taichung County and Wu-Fong, Jien-Shi townships in Hsin-Chu County. This study investigated the natural factors (geography, geology, topography, soil and hydrometeorology) and human factors (land utilization) of five aboriginal communities detrimentally impacted by the MINDULLE and AERE typhoons in 2004. On-site-inspections were made to evaluate the residence suitability and sustainability of the aboriginal tribe communities. Field investigations were also made to locate and evaluate the alternative locations suitable for five aboriginal communities.



This study emphasizes the need for feasible comprehensive approaches and mechanism for the residents to take part in planning and implementation of a safe, healthy and prosperous community development with achievable goals. Following essential items should be considered in developing comprehensive plans for sustainable developments：



1. Policies and measures should be desirable in terms of improving the safety, prosperities, and sustainable of these communities.

2. Development should be feasible in terms of available funds and human resources.

3. Measures should be properly evaluated and ranked in terms of priority.

4. Supplementary measures be available to help provide basic facilities for water and electricity, shopping, medical, nursing, education and employments.

5. All measures should be implemented according to relevant laws and regulations