[ 摘要 ]

口傳故事都隱涵著個人與集體間共同的生活經驗與思維方式，當在閱讀神話與口傳故事的同時，也帶領著我們進入此民族神聖的文化殿堂，透過口傳故事的想像，使我們輕觸原始部落的神祕面紗，並揭示出社會所潛藏的文化特質。

本文擬以「兩性」為主軸，分為四個面向來討論，首先以蘭嶼的鬼靈信仰做為開端來討論anito所呈現出的「無性」象徵，並從中探討兩性角色與anito的互動過程中所呈現的意象？進而藉由人類起源故事中，來探討兩性所被賦予的的象徵意義。然而為何要以鬼靈觀和人類起源故事做為論述的開端呢？筆者認為當死亡與人類的源出對人類現世生是一重要的關口時，貼緊死亡與起源的活動與象徵，勢必關聯到蘭嶼對「人」的看法，甚至是對整個宇宙、萬物的觀念，若未深層的了解這個面向，對於社會的活動僅止於表面。故筆者將鬼靈信仰與人類源出的象徵做為了解蘭嶼社會文化面貌的基底。再進而討論口傳故事中如何形塑兩性角色？當中是否存有男性∕父權社會以其霸權來宰制、塑化女性的強烈表徵？亦或是呈現出兩性分工而互補的面貌？將其與蘭嶼社會的實際生活面向來對照。

雖以兩性討論做為基調，但卻非為服膺男性霸權或女性主義的倡導，企圖呈現出的是兩性在社會活動中分工與互補的機制，從中推衍出蘭嶼人在其原初的社會文化結構中所意欲呈現的兩性圖像是如何表徵於其口傳故事、祭儀文化、勞務分工和日常生活…之中。

[ 英文摘要 ]

Its implicated, oral legendary, the human experience and thought which between individuals and groups. When we read the myths they have, its view leads us to enter the zone of the culture that belongs to them, we slightly touch the primitive tribe’s secret parts and try to describe the deep rooted cultural type of that society through the imagination of the oral legendary.

Based on “gender” as an axis, I through four aspects to discuss this paper. First of all, I start from animism, Anito, that the local people believed which shows the “sexless” special symbol. And analysis the reaction and image between gender and Anito, according to the story of human origin try to find out what is the given meaning by gender. However, why shall we start from the story of animism and human origin and regard it as the beginning wiredraw of this paper? My consideration is death and the origin of mankind is a strictly important turning point, it probably connected with the view of “human being’s perception” for local people, even the cosmic perception when it occurs. The knowledge will not be objective if we see the social phenomena as a simplify activity, so that, I prefer seeing the symbol of animism and human origin as Lan-Yu social culture fundus, and further to discuss how the oral legendary shaped the relationship between male and female. Does the male domination perception exist in their society? Does its view make the “female as a female” or exist inter-division and complementary society? Then compare it with their real life.

Although my view is based on the gender to discuss this paper, but not accept the view of male hegemony or feminism. I just try to present that the gender is a kind of divisional and complementary system in their society. It is an aspect to realize that how the people there perform the image of gender by their oral legendary, cult, division and common life.