本研究旨在探究國民小學五年級原住民學生與非原住民學生社會情緒能力之現況，比較不同背景變項之國民小學五年級學生社會情緒能力的差異情形，以及分析不同身分別之國民小學五年級學生社會情緒能力之間的關聯情形。
研究者採用量化研究，以問卷調查為主要的資料蒐集方式，自編研究工具「國民小學五年級學生社會情緒能力調查問卷」，以全臺四個地區之國民小學五年級學生為研究對象，包含一般生、都市原住民和原鄉原住民。研究者共抽取20所學校共270人進行調查。所得215份有效樣本資料，採以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、結構方程模型之驗證性因素分析等統計方法進行分析。本研究所得結論如下：
一、國民小學五年級學生之社會情緒能力現況皆屬於中高程度。
二、國民小學五年級學生之社會情緒能力，不會因為性別和居住地區的不同而有所差異。
三、國民小學五年級學生之社會情緒能力，會因為身分別的不同而有所差異。
四、國民小學五年級一般生以「自主管理」為影響社會情緒能力之重要構面。
五、國民小學五年級一般生以「展現責任」為影響自我覺察之重要能力指標；以「管理情緒」為影響自主管理之重要能力指標；以「做出回應」為影響社會覺察之重要能力指標；以「管理衝突」和「實現目標（共同）」為影響關係技能之重要能力指標；以「處理狀況」為影響負責任的決定之重要能力指標。
六、國民小學五年級都市原住民以「負責任的決定」為影響社會情緒能力重要構面。
七、國民小學五年級都市原住民以「展現責任」為影響自我覺察之重要能力指標；以「管理情緒」和「實現目標（個人）」為影響自主管理之重要能力指標；以「做出回應」、「欣賞他人」和「尊重他人」為影響社會覺察之重要能力指標；以「管理衝突」為影響關係技能之重要能力指標；以「處理狀況」為影響負責任的決定之重要能力指標。
八、國民小學五年級原鄉原住民以「關係技能」為影響社會情緒能力之重要構面。
九、國民小學五年級原鄉原住民以「認識優勢」為影響自我覺察之重要能力指標；以「調適壓力」為 影響自主管理之重要能力指標；以「尊重他人」和「表現關懷」為影響社會覺察之重要能力指標；以「維持關係」為影響關係技能之重要能力指標；以「做出選擇」為影響負責任的決定之重要能力指標。
本研究根據以上結論，對教育單位、國民小學五年級教師，以及未來研究提出相關建議。

This research aimed to explore the current situation of the social emotional competence of Fifth Grade elementary school indigenous and non-indigenous students, compare the differences in the social emotional competence of the fifth graders with different background variables, and analyze the relationship of social emotional competence.
The researcher used quantitative research, using questionnaires as the main data collection method, and compiled the research tool """"Social Emotional Competence Survey Questionnaire for Fifth Graders"""". The research is based on the fifth graders in four regions of Taiwan, including general students, urban indigenous students, and indigenous students. The researcher selected a total of 270 people from 20 schools for investigation. The 215 valid sample data obtained were analyzed by statistical approaches such as descriptive statistics, Independent Sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, and CFA. The conclusions of this study are as follows:
1.The current status of the social emotional competence of the fifth graders are of medium to high level.
2.The social emotional competence of the fifth graders will not differ due to the differences in gender and residential area.
3.The social emotional competence of the fifth graders will differ due to the differences in status.
4.The general fifth graders take """"self-management"""" as an important aspect that affects social emotional competence.
5.The general fifth graders use """"demonstrate responsibility"""" as an important capability index that affects self-awareness；use """"manage emotions"""" as an important capability index that affects self-management；use """"make responses"""" as an important capability index that affects social awareness；use """"manage conflicts"""" and """"achieve goals (common)"""" as important capability indices that affects relationship skills；use """"deal situations"""" as an important capability index that affects responsible decision-making.
6.Urban indigenous Fifth Grade elementary school students take """"responsible decision-making"""" as an important aspect of social emotion competence.
7.Urban indigenous Fifth Grade elementary school students use """"demonstrate responsibility"""" as an important capability index that affects self-awareness；use """"manage emotions"""" and """"achieve goals (personal)"""" as important capability indices that affects self-management；use """"make response"""", """"appreciate others"""" and """"respect others"""" as important capability indices that affects social awareness；use """"manage conflicts"""" as an important capability index that affects relationship skills；use """"deal situations"""" as an important capability index that affects responsible decision-making.
8.Indigenous Fifth Grade elementary school students take """"relationship skills"""" as an important aspect of social emotional competence.
9.Indigenous Fifth Grade elementary school students use """"recognize strengths"""" as an important capability index that affects self-awareness；use """"regulate pressure"""" as an important capability index that affects self-management；use """"respect others"""" and """"demonstrate consideration"""" as important capability indices that affects social awareness；use """"maintain relationships"""" as an important capability index that affects relationship skills；use """"make choices"""" as an important capability index that affects responsible decision-making.
Based on the results of the present study, relevant suggestions were provided for educational units, Fifth-grade teachers and future research.