[ 摘要 ]

由於環境危機的意識高漲，學術上環境哲學的研究於1970年代逐漸堀起，不同領域的學者專家開始共同思考環境議題，而主要的探討包括：定義何謂自然、確認自然的價值、以及瞭解人與自然之間的關係。在建構更深層的環境哲學過程中，原住民文學針對自然所展現出的意涵與價值卻經常被忽略。 美國原住民作家喬瑟夫．布魯夏克與臺灣原住民作家亞榮隆．撒可努的作品中，皆生動地描繪了人與自然共生共榮的故事。本論文主要即探究並比較布魯夏克與撒可努作品中經由故事敘述所傳遞出的原住民環境哲學。

本論文共分為五章。第一章介紹並說明環境哲學的背景及概念。將以布魯夏克和撒可努的故事敘述為例，論述在原住民文學中探究出環境哲學的可能性。第二章主要探討布魯夏克的作品。將分析布魯夏克所選編的美國原住民故事與其它個人故事中所傳遞的自然觀，特別是人與自然萬物間的關係。布魯夏克除了在回憶錄中描寫與祖父及父親的狩獵經驗外，重述神話傳說故事亦是他在作品中主要詮釋環境哲學的方式。第三章主要分析撒可努的故事敘述，尤其是關於他學習狩獵的個人故事。撒可努學習父親及長老經由故事敘述所傳遞的獵人哲學，進而形成其特有的環境哲學。狩獵經驗的回顧亦幫助作者思考生命的意義及人類在自然中可持續生存之道。第四章將檢視布魯夏克與撒可努作品中所呈現環境哲學的異同，從中發現兩位作者皆使用命名、擬人、變形與儀式等四種方法傳達原住民環境哲學中三個共同基本的概念：循環、必需與尊敬。此外，將進一步論證作者在作品中所呈現環境哲學的觀點與西方環境哲學理論相呼應之處，如：天擇論、土地倫理及蓋亞假說等。最後一章，透過分析後發現東西方作者對自然認知之異同，並試圖開啟原住民作家和學術上環境哲學研究間對話的可能性，以整合原住民與學術上環境哲學研究的觀點。

[ 英文摘要 ]

The academic study of environmental philosophy emerged in the 1970’s due to the environmental crises. Since then, thinkers even in different fields have begun to contemplate environmental issues. The basic but crucial inquiries include defining nature, recognizing the value of nature, and understanding the relation between human beings and other forms of nature. What is often overlooked is the value indigenous literatures can have in the construction of a more profound environmental philosophy. In the works of the Native American writer Joseph Bruchac and the Taiwanese indigenous writer Ahronglong Sakinu, the proper relationship human beings should maintain with other forms of nature is vividly delineated. In this thesis, I explore and compare the indigenous environmental philosophy transmitted through storytelling in Bruchac’s and Sakinu’s works.

This thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter One offers introductory explanations of the background and notion of environmental philosophy. Chapter Two puts its focus on Bruchac’s works. I analyze a selection of Native American tales and other personal experience stories transmitted by Bruchac, which have the theme of the relationship between human beings and other forms of nature. In addition to his narration of hunting experiences with his grandfather and father in the memoir Bowman’s Store, retelling myths and legends is Bruchac’s main approach to convey and interpret environmental philosophy in his works. Chapter Three centers around Sakinu’s narratives, especially analyzing his hunting initiation stories. Sakinu learns the hunting philosophy transmitted by his father and other stories told by the elders in order to cultivate his environmental philosophy. Reflections on the experience of hunting help the writers develop their thoughts on the meaning of life and the fundamental principle of sustainability in nature. 　In Chapter Four, I examine the similarities and differences in the environmental philosophy in Bruchac’s and Sakinu’s works. I find that these writers both use naming, anthropomorphism, transformation and ritual in their stories to show that necessity, circularity, and respect are the basic principles of indigenous philosophy. Further, the perceptions in their environmental philosophy are shown to correspond with concepts in western environmental philosophy derived from Charles Darwin, Aldo Leopold, and the Gaia Hypothesis. I conclude my analysis of Western and Eastern concepts in these authors with the observation that opening another access to initiate the dialogue between indigenous writers and the formal study of environmental philosophy can contribute to integrating indigenous concepts with academic environmental philosophy.