Human Rights Council 聯合國原住民族權利宣言 Resolution 2006/2. Working group of the Commission on Human Rights to elaborate a draft declaration in accordance with paragraph 5 of the General Assembly resolution 49/214 of 23 December 1994 The Human Rights Council, Recalling Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/32 of 3 March 1995, in which it established an open-ended intersessional working group with the sole purpose of elaborating a draft United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples, considering the draft contained in the annex to resolution 1994/45 of the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, for consideration and adoption by the General Assembly within the first International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People, Aware that the working group of the Commission on Human Rights to elaborate a draft declaration in accordance with paragraph 5 of the General Assembly resolution 49/214 of 23 December 1994 has held 11 sessions between 1995 and 2006, Considering that the General Assembly, in its resolution 59/174 of 20 December 2004, urges all parties involved in the process of negotiation to do their utmost to carry out successfully the mandate of the working group and to present to the General Assembly for adoption as soon as possible a final draft United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples, Stressing that paragraph 127 of the outcome document of the 2005 World Summit, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 60/1 of 16 September 2005, reaffirms the commitment of the international community to adopt a final draft United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples as soon as possible, Taking note of the report of the working group on its eleventh session, which took place in Geneva from 5 to 16 December 2005 and from 30 January to 3 February 2006 (E/CN.4/2006/79), Welcoming the conclusion of the Chairperson-Rapporteur in paragraph 30 of the report of the working group and his proposal as contained in annex I to the report, 1. Adopts the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as proposed by the Chairperson-Rapporteur of the working group of the Commission on Human Rights to elaborate a draft declaration in accordance with paragraph 5 of the General Assembly resolution 49/214 of 23 December 1994 in annex I to the report of the working group on its eleventh session (E/CN.4/2006/79); 2. Recommends to the General Assembly that it adopt the following draft resolution: The General Assembly, Taking note of Human Rights Council resolution 2006/2 of 29 June 2006, in which the Council adopted the text of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 1. Expresses its appreciation to the Council for the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; 2. Adopts the Declaration as contained in the annex to Council resolution 2006/2 of 29 June 2006. 21st meeting 29 June 2006 [Adopted by a recorded vote of 30 votes to 2, with 12 abstentions.. The voting was as follows: In favour: Azerbaijan, Brazil, Cameroon, China, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Zambia Against: Canada, Russian Federation Abstaining: Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Ghana, Jordan, Morocco, Nigeria, the Philippines, Senegal, Tunisia, Ukraine.] Annex UNITED NATIONS DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal to all other peoples, while recognizing the right of all peoples to be different, to consider themselves different, and to be respected as such, Affirming also that all peoples contribute to the diversity and richness of civilizations and cultures, which constitute the common heritage of humankind, Affirming further that all doctrines, policies and practices based on or advocating superiority of peoples or individuals on the basis of national origin, racial, religious, ethnic or cultural differences are racist, scientifically false, legally invalid, morally condemnable and socially unjust, Reaffirming also that indigenous peoples, in the exercise of their rights, should be free from discrimination of any kind, Concerned that indigenous peoples have suffered from historic injustices as a result of, inter alia, their colonization and dispossession of their lands, territories and resources, thus preventing them from exercising, in particular, their right to development in accordance with their own needs and interests, Recognizing the urgent need to respect and promote the inherent rights of indigenous peoples which derive from their political, economic and social structures and from their cultures, spiritual traditions, histories and philosophies, especially their rights to their lands, territories and resources, Further recognizing the urgent need to respect and promote the rights of indigenous peoples affirmed in treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements with States, Welcoming the fact that indigenous peoples are organizing themselves for political, economic, social and cultural enhancement and in order to bring an end to all forms of discrimination and oppression wherever they occur, Convinced that control by indigenous peoples over developments affecting them and their lands, territories and resources will enable them to maintain and strengthen their institutions, cultures and traditions, and to promote their development in accordance with their aspirations and needs, Recognizing also that respect for indigenous knowledge, cultures and traditional practices contributes to sustainable and equitable development and proper management of the environment, Emphasizing the contribution of the demilitarization of the lands and territories of indigenous peoples to peace, economic and social progress and development, understanding and friendly relations among nations and peoples of the world, Recognizing in particular the right of indigenous families and communities to retain shared responsibility for the upbringing, training, education and well-being of their children, consistent with the rights of the child, Recognizing also that indigenous peoples have the right freely to determine their relationships with States in a spirit of coexistence, mutual benefit and full respect, Considering that the rights affirmed in treaties, agreements and constructive arrangements between States and indigenous peoples are, in some situations, matters of international concern, interest, responsibility and character, Also considering that treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements, and the relationship they represent, are the basis for a strengthened partnership between indigenous peoples and States, Acknowledging that the Charter of the United Nations, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights affirm the fundamental importance of the right of self-determination of all peoples, by virtue of which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development, Bearing in mind that nothing in this Declaration may be used to deny any peoples their right of self-determination, exercised in conformity with international law, Convinced that the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples in this Declaration will enhance harmonious and cooperative relations between the State and indigenous peoples, based on principles of justice, democracy, respect for human rights, non-discrimination and good faith, Encouraging States to comply with and effectively implement all their obligations as they apply to indigenous peoples under international instruments, in particular those related to human rights, in consultation and cooperation with the peoples concerned, Emphasizing that the United Nations has an important and continuing role to play in promoting and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples, Believing that this Declaration is a further important step forward for the recognition, promotion and protection of the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples and in the development of relevant activities of the United Nations system in this field, Recognizing and reaffirming that indigenous individuals are entitled without discrimination to all human rights recognized in international law, and that indigenous peoples possess collective rights which are indispensable for their existence, well-being and integral development as peoples, Solemnly proclaims the following United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as a standard of achievement to be pursued in a spirit of partnership and mutual respect, Article 1 Indigenous peoples have the right to the full enjoyment, as a collective or as individuals, of all human rights and fundamental freedoms as recognized in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law. Article 2 Indigenous peoples and individuals are free and equal to all other peoples and individuals and have the right to be free from any kind of discrimination, in the exercise of their rights, in particular that based on their indigenous origin or identity. Article 3 Indigenous peoples have the right of self determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. Article 4 Indigenous peoples, in exercising their right to self-determination, have the right to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to their internal and local affairs, as well as ways and means for financing their autonomous functions. Article 5 Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions, while retaining their rights to participate fully, if they so choose, in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the State. Article 6 Every indigenous individual has the right to a nationality. Article 7 1. Indigenous individuals have the rights to life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and security of person. 2. Indigenous peoples have the collective right to live in freedom, peace and security as distinct peoples and shall not be subjected to any act of genocide or any other act of violence, including forcibly removing children of the group to another group. Article 8 1. Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right not to be subjected to forced assimilation or destruction of their culture. 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration by other cultures or ways of life imposed on them by legislative, administrative or other measures; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them. Article 9 Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right to belong to an indigenous community or nation, in accordance with the traditions and customs of the community or nation concerned. No discrimination of any kind may arise from the exercise of such a right. Article 10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return. Article 11 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to practice and revitalize their cultural traditions and customs. This includes the right to maintain, protect and develop the past, present and future manifestations of their cultures, such as archaeological and historical sites, artefacts, designs, ceremonies, technologies and visual and performing arts and literature. 2. States shall provide redress through effective mechanisms, which may include restitution, developed in conjunction with indigenous peoples, with respect to their cultural, intellectual, religious and spiritual property taken without their free, prior and informed consent or in violation of their laws, traditions and customs. Article 12 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to manifest, practice, develop and teach their spiritual and religious traditions, customs and ceremonies; the right to maintain, protect, and have access in privacy to their religious and cultural sites; the right to the use and control of their ceremonial objects; and the right to the repatriation of their human remains. 2. States shall seek to enable the access and/or repatriation of ceremonial objects and human remains in their possession through fair, transparent and effective mechanisms developed in conjunction with indigenous peoples concerned. Article 13 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to revitalize, use, develop and transmit to future generations their histories, languages, oral traditions, philosophies, writing systems and literatures, and to designate and retain their own names for communities, places and persons. 2. States shall take effective measures to ensure this right is protected and also to ensure that indigenous peoples can understand and be understood in political, legal and administrative proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other appropriate means. Article 14 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to establish and control their educational systems and institutions providing education in their own languages, in a manner appropriate to their cultural methods of teaching and learning. 2. Indigenous individuals, particularly children, have the right to all levels and forms of education of the State without discrimination. 3. States shall, in conjunction with indigenous peoples, take effective measures, in order for indigenous individuals, particularly children, including those living outside their communities, to have access, when possible, to an education in their own culture and provided in their own language. Article 15 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to the dignity and diversity of their cultures, traditions, histories and aspirations which shall be appropriately reflected in education and public information. 2. States shall take effective measures, in consultation and cooperation with the indigenous peoples concerned, to combat prejudice and eliminate discrimination and to promote tolerance, understanding and good relations among indigenous peoples and all other segments of society. Article 16 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to establish their own media in their own languages and to have access to all forms of non-indigenous media without discrimination. 2. States shall take effective measures to ensure that State-owned media duly reflect indigenous cultural diversity. States, without prejudice to ensuring full freedom of expression, should encourage privately-owned media to adequately reflect indigenous cultural diversity. Article 17 1. Indigenous individuals and peoples have the right to enjoy fully all rights established under applicable international and domestic labour law. 2. States shall in consultation and cooperation with indigenous peoples take specific measures to protect indigenous children from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development, taking into account their special vulnerability and the importance of education for their empowerment. 3. Indigenous individuals have the right not to be subjected to any discriminatory conditions of labour and, inter alia, employment or salary. Article 18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions. Article 19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them. Article 20 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and develop their political, economic and social systems or institutions, to be secure in the enjoyment of their own means of subsistence and development, and to engage freely in all their traditional and other economic activities. 2. Indigenous peoples deprived of their means of subsistence and development are entitled to just and fair redress. Article 21 1. Indigenous peoples have the right, without discrimination, to the improvement of their economic and social conditions, including, inter alia, in the areas of education, employment, vocational training and retraining, housing, sanitation, health and social security. 2. States shall take effective measures and, where appropriate, special measures to ensure continuing improvement of their economic and social conditions. Particular attention shall be paid to the rights and special needs of indigenous elders, women, youth, children and persons with disabilities. Article 22 1. Particular attention shall be paid to the rights and special needs of indigenous elders, women, youth, children and persons with disabilities in the implementation of this Declaration. 2. States shall take measures, in conjunction with indigenous peoples, to ensure that indigenous women and children enjoy the full protection and guarantees against all forms of violence and discrimination. Article 23 Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for exercising their right to development. In particular, indigenous peoples have the right to be actively involved in developing and determining health, housing and other economic and social programmes affecting themand, as far as possible, to administer such programmes through their own institutions. Article 24 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, including the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, animals and minerals. Indigenous individuals also have the right to access, without any discrimination, to all social and health services. 2. Indigenous individuals have an equal right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. States shall take the necessary steps with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of this right. Article 25 Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinctive spiritual relationship with their traditionally owned or otherwise occupied and used lands, territories, waters and coastal seas and other resources and to uphold their responsibilities to future generations in this regard. Article 26 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired. 2. Indigenous peoples have the right to own, use, develop and control the lands, territories and resources that they possess by reason of traditional ownership or other traditional occupation or use, as well as those which they have otherwise acquired. 3. States shall give legal recognition and protection to these lands, territories and resources. Such recognition shall be conducted with due respect to the customs, traditions and land tenure systems of the indigenous peoples concerned. Article 27 States shall establish and implement, in conjunction with indigenous peoples concerned, a fair, independent, impartial, open and transparent process, giving due recognition to indigenous peoples’ laws, traditions, customs and land tenure systems, to recognize and adjudicate the rights of indigenous peoples pertaining to their lands, territories and resources, including those which were traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used. Indigenous peoples shall have the right to participate in this process. Article 28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, of a just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress. Article 29 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to the conservation and protection of the environment and the productive capacity of their lands or territories and resources. States shall establish and implement assistance programmes for indigenous peoples for such conservation and protection, without discrimination. 2. States shall take effective measures to ensure that no storage or disposal of hazardous materials shall take place in the lands or territories of indigenous peoples without their free, prior and informed consent. 3. States shall also take effective measures to ensure, as needed, that programmes for monitoring, maintaining and restoring the health of indigenous peoples, as developed and implemented by the peoples affected by such materials, are duly implemented. Article 30 1. Military activities shall not take place in the lands or territories of indigenous peoples, unless justified by a significant threat to relevant public interest or otherwise freely agreed with or requested by the indigenous peoples concerned. 2. States shall undertake effective consultations with the indigenous peoples concerned, through appropriate procedures and in particular through their representative institutions, prior to using their lands or territories for military activities. Article 31 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain, control, protect and develop their cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions, as well as the manifestations of their sciences, technologies and cultures, including human and genetic resources, seeds, medicines, knowledge of the properties of fauna and flora, oral traditions, literatures, designs, sports and traditional games and visual and performing arts. They also have the right to maintain, control, protect and develop their intellectual property over such cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, and traditional cultural expressions. 2. In conjunction with indigenous peoples, States shall take effective measures to recognize and protect the exercise of these rights. Article 32 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for the development or use of their lands or territories and other resources. 2. States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of their mineral, water or other resources. 3. States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact. Article 33 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to determine their own identity or membership in accordance with their customs and traditions. This does not impair the right of indigenous individuals to obtain citizenship of the States in which they live. 2. Indigenous peoples have the right to determine the structures and to select the membership of their institutions in accordance with their own procedures. Article 34 Indigenous peoples have the right to promote, develop and maintain their institutional structures and their distinctive customs, spirituality, traditions, procedures, practices and, in the cases where they exist, juridical systems or customs, in accordance with international human rights standards. Article 35 Indigenous peoples have the right to determine the responsibilities of individuals to their communities. Article 36 1. Indigenous peoples, in particular those divided by international borders, have the right to maintain and develop contacts, relations and cooperation, including activities for spiritual, cultural, political, economic and social purposes, with their own members as well as other peoples across borders. 2. States, in consultation and cooperation with indigenous peoples, shall take effective measures to facilitate the exercise and ensure the implementation of this right. Article 37 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to the recognition, observance and enforcement of Treaties, Agreements and Other Constructive Arrangements concluded with States or their successors and to have States honour and respect such Treaties, Agreements and other Constructive Arrangements. 2. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as to diminish or eliminate the rights of Indigenous Peoples contained in Treaties, Agreements and Constructive Arrangements. Article 38 States in consultation and cooperation with indigenous peoples, shall take the appropriate measures, including legislative measures, to achieve the ends of this Declaration. Article 39 Indigenous peoples have the right to have access to financial and technical assistance from States and through international cooperation, for the enjoyment of the rights contained in this Declaration. Article 40 Indigenous peoples have the right to have access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights. Article 41 The organs and specialized agencies of the United Nations system and other intergovernmental organizations shall contribute to the full realization of the provisions of this Declaration through the mobilization, inter alia, of financial cooperation and technical assistance. Ways and means of ensuring participation of indigenous peoples on issues affecting them shall be established. Article 42 The United Nations, its bodies, including the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, and specialized agencies, including at the country level, and States, shall promote respect for and full application of the provisions of this Declaration and follow up the effectiveness of this Declaration. Article 43 The rights recognized herein constitute the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world. Article 44 All the rights and freedoms recognized herein are equally guaranteed to male and female indigenous individuals. Article 45 Nothing in this Declaration may be construed as diminishing or extinguishing the rights indigenous peoples have now or may acquire in the future. Article 46 1. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, people, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act contrary to the Charter of the United Nations. 2. In the exercise of the rights enunciated in the present Declaration, human rights and fundamental freedoms of all shall be respected. The exercise of the rights set forth in this Declaration shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law, in accordance with international human rights obligations. Any such limitations shall be non-discriminatory and strictly necessary solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for meeting the just and most compelling requirements of a democratic society. 3. The provisions set forth in this Declaration shall be interpreted in accordance with the principles of justice, democracy, respect for human rights, equality, non-discrimination, good governance and good faith. 聯合國原住民族權利宣言 http://www.abohome.org.tw/modules/news/article.php?storyid=1887 第六十一屆會議 議程專案68 人權理事會的報告 比利時 、玻利維亞 、哥斯大黎加、古巴、丹麥、多明尼加共和國、厄瓜多爾 、 愛沙尼亞 、芬蘭、德國、希臘、瓜地馬拉、匈牙利、拉脫 維亞 、尼加拉瓜、秘魯 、葡萄牙、斯洛文尼亞和西班牙：決議草案 聯合國原住民族權利宣言 大 會 ， 注 意 到 人權理事會2006 年6 月29 日第1/2 號決議的建議，理事會在該決議中通過了《聯合國原住民族權利宣言》的案文， 回 顧 大會在2006 年12 月20 日第61/178 號決議中決定推遲對宣言進行審議和採取行動，以便有時間進一步對宣言進行協商，並決定在大會第六十一屆會議結束前完成審議工作， 通 過本決議附件中的《聯合國原住民族權利宣言》。 大 會 ， 秉 承 《聯合國憲章》的宗旨和原則和履行各國根據《憲章》承擔的義務的誠意， 確 認 原住民族與所有其他民族完全平等，同時承認所有民族均有權與眾不同、有權自認與眾不同，並有權因此得到尊重， 又 確 認 所有民族都對構成全人類共同遺產的各種豐富多彩的不同文明和文化做出了貢獻， 還 確 認 凡是基於，或以民族出身或種族、宗教、族裔或文化差異為由，鼓吹民族或個人優越的學說、政策和做法，都是種族主義的, 是違反科學的, 在法律上 是無效的 , 在道德上應受到譴責，且從社會角度來說是不公平的， 重 申 原住民族在行使其權利時，不應受任何形式的歧視， 關 注 原住民族在歷史上因殖民統治和自己土地、領土和資源被剝奪等原因，受到不公正的對待，致使他們尤其無法按自己的需要和利益行使發展權， 承 認 亟需尊重和增進 原住民 族因其政治、經濟和社會結構及其文化、精神傳統、歷史和思想體系而擁有的固有權利，特別是他們對其土地、領土和資源的權 利， 又 承 認 亟需尊重和增進在同各國訂立的條約、協定和其他建設性安排中得到確認的 原住民族權利， 歡 迎 原住民族正在為提高政治、經濟、社會和文化地位，結束一切形式歧視和壓迫，無論它們在何處發生，而組織起來， 深 信 原住民 族掌管了與他們自己和與他們的土地、領土和資源相關的發展進程，將能夠保持和加強他們的機構、文化和傳統，並根據自己的願望和需要促進 自身發展， 承 認 尊重 原住民族知識、文化和傳統習慣，會有助於實現環境的可持續公平發展，並有助於適當管理環境， 強 調 實現 原住民族土地和領土非軍事化，有利於和平、經濟和社會進步與發展，有利於世界各國和民族之間的相互瞭解和友好關係， 特 別 承 認 原住民族家庭和社區有權根據兒童權利，保留共同養育、培養、教育子女和為子女謀幸福的責任， 認 為 各國與 原住民族之間的條約、協定和其他建設性安排所確認的權利，在有些情況下，是國際關注和關心的問題，帶有國際責任和性質， 又 認 為 此類條約、協定和其他建設性安排及其所代表的關係，是加強土著民族與各國之間的夥伴關係的基礎， 承 認 《聯合國憲章》、《經濟、社會、文化權利國際公約》、 1 《公民及政治權利國際公約》 1 及《維也納宣言和行動綱領》 2 已確認所有民族享有自決權至關重要，根據此項權利，他們可自由決定自己的政治地位，自由謀求自身的經濟、社會和文化發展， 銘 記 本《宣言》任何內容不得用來剝奪任何民族依照國際法行使的自決權， 深 信 本《宣言》承認 原住民族的各項權利，將會在公正、民主、尊重人權、不歧視和誠意的原則的基礎上，增進各國與 原住民族之間的和諧與合作關係， 鼓 勵 各國與有關民族協商合作，遵守和切實履行國際文書為其規定的所有適用於 原住民族的義務，特別是與人權有關的義務， 強 調 聯合國在增進和保護 原住民族權利方面可長期發揮重要作用， 相 信 本《宣言》是承認、增進和保護 原住民族權利與自由和促進聯合國系統在這一領域開展有關活動的一個新的重要步驟， 承 認 並 重 申 每個 原住民族都不受歧視地享有國際法承認的所有人權； 原住民族還享有本民族的生存、福祉和整體發展不可或缺的集體權利， 還 承 認 原住民族的情況因區域和國家而異，應該考慮到國家和區域的特點和不同的歷史文化背景， 莊 嚴 宣 佈 以下《聯合國原著民族權利宣言》，作為本著合作和相互尊重的精神爭取達到的成就標準， 第 1 條 原住民族，無論是集體，還是個人，均有權充分享受《聯合國憲章》、《世界人權宣言》3 和國際人權法承認的所有人權和基本自由。 1 見第2200 A (XXI)號決議，附件。 2 A /CONF.157/24(Part I)，第三章。 3 第217 A (III)號決議。 第 2 條 原住民族和個人享有自由，與其他所有民族和個人完全平等，有權在行使其權利時不受任何形式的歧視，特別是不受基於其 原住民出身或身份的歧視。 第 3 條 原住民族享有自決權。根據此項權利，他們可自由決定自己的政治地位，自由謀求自身的經濟、社會和文化發展。 第 4 條 原住民族行使其自決權時，在涉及其內部和地方事務的事項上，以及在如何籌集經費以行使自治職能的問題上，享有自主權或自治權。 第 5 條 原住民族有權維護和加強其特有的政治、法律、經濟、社會和文化機構，同時保留根據自己意願全面參與國家政治、經濟、社會和文化生活的權利。 第 6 條 每個 原住民都有權擁有國籍。 第 7 條 1. 每個 原住民都享有生命、身心健全、人身自由和人身安全的權利。 2. 原住民族享有作為不同的民族自由、和平與安全地生活的集體權利，並不應遭受種族滅絕或任何其他暴力行為的侵害，包括強行將一個族群的兒童遷移到另一個族群。 第 8 條 1. 原住民族和個人享有不被強行同化或其文化被毀滅的權利。 2. 各國應提供有效機制，以防止和糾正： (a) 任何旨在或實際破壞他們作為不同民族的完整性，或剝奪其文化價值或民族特性的行動； (b) 任何旨在或實際上剝奪他們土地、領土或資源的行動； (c) 任何形式旨在或實際侵犯或損害他們權利的強制性人口遷移； (d) 任何形式的強行同化或融合； (e) 任何形式的旨在鼓動或煽動對他們實行種族或族裔歧視的宣傳。 第 9 條 原住民族和個人有權按照有關社區或民族的傳統和習俗，歸屬某一 原住民社區或民族。行使此項權利不得引起任何形式的歧視。 第 10 條 不得強行讓原著民族遷離其土地或領土。未事先獲得有關 原住民族的自由知情同意，未事先就公正和公平的賠償達成協定，未在可能時保留返回的選擇，就不得遷移 原住民族。 第 11 條 1. 原住民族有權信守和振興其文化傳統與習俗。這包括有權保留、保護和發展其文化過去、現在和未來的表現形式，如古跡和歷史遺址、手工藝品、圖案設計、典禮儀式、技術、視覺和表演藝術、文學作品等。 2. 各國應通過與原住民族共同制定的有效機制，對未事先獲得原著民族自由知情同意，或在違反其法律、傳統和習俗的情況下拿走的原著文化、知識、宗教和精神財產，予以補償，補償可包括歸還原物。 第 12 條 1. 原住民族有權展示、信守、發展和傳授其精神和宗教傳統、習俗和禮儀；有權保留、保護和私下出入其宗教和文化場所；有權使用和管理其禮儀用具；有權把遺骨送還原籍。 2. 各國應通過與有關原住民族共同制定的公平、透明和有效的機制，讓原住民族取用國家持有的禮儀用具和遺骨和（或）將其送還原籍。 第 13 條 1. 原住民族有權振興、使用、發展和向後代傳授其歷史、語言、口述傳統、思想體系、書寫方式和文學作品，有權自己為社區、地方和個人取名並保留這些名字。 2. 各國應採取有效措施確保此項權利得到保護，在必要時通過提供翻譯或通過其他適當辦法，確保原住民族在政治、法律和行政程式中能夠理解他人和被他人理解。 第 14 條 1. 原住民族有權建立和掌管它們的教育體系和機構，用自己的語言和適應其文化的教學方法，提供教育。 2. 原住民，特別是原住民兒童，有權不受歧視地獲得國家提供的各種程度和各種類別的教育。 3. 各國應與原住民族共同採取有效措施，讓原住民，特別是原住民兒童，包括生活在原住民社區外的原住民，在可能的情況下享受用自己的語言提供的原住民文化教育。 第 15 條 1. 原住民族有權維護其文化、傳統、歷史和願望的尊嚴和多樣性。教育和新聞應適當體現出這些文化、傳統、歷史和願望。 2. 各國應與有關原住民族協商合作，採取有效措施，摒棄偏見，消除歧視，促進原住民族與社會其他階層之間的互相寬容、相互諒解和友好關係。 第 16 條 1. 原住民族有權以自己的語言建立自己的傳媒，有權不受歧視地使用各種形式的非原住民傳媒。 2. 各國應採取有效措施，確保國有傳媒恰當反映原住民文化多樣性。各國應在言論充分自由不受影響的情況下，鼓勵私有傳媒充分反映原住民文化多樣性。 第 17 條 1. 原住民和原住民族有權充分享受適用的國際和國內勞工法規定的所有權利。 2. 各國應與原住民族協商合作，考慮到原住民兒童特別脆弱和教育對原住民兒童成長至關重要的情況，採取具體措施，讓原住民兒童不遭受經濟剝削，不從事任何可能有危險性或妨礙他們接受教育或有害他們的健康或身心、精神、道德或社會成長的工作。 3. 原住民享有在勞動條件，特別是就業和薪水方面，不受歧視的權利。 第 18 條 原住民族有權通過他們按自己的程式選出的代表參與對事關自身權利的事務的決策，有權保留和發展自己的 原住民決策機構。 第 19 條 各國在通過和執行可能影響到 原住民族的立法或行政措施前，應通過 原住民族自己的代表機構誠心誠意地與有關 原住民族協商合作，事先征得他們自由知情同意。 第 20 條 1. 原住民族有權維持和發展其政治、經濟和社會制度或機構，有權安穩地享用自己的謀生和發展手段，有權自由從事其一切傳統及其他經濟活動。 2. 被剝奪了謀生和發展手段的 原住民族有權獲得公正和公平的補償。 第 21 條 1. 原住民族有權不受歧視地改善其經濟和社會狀況，尤其是在教育、就業、職業培訓和再培訓、住房、環境衛生、醫療和社會保障等領域。 2. 各國應採取有效措施，並酌情採取特別措施，繼續改善原住民族的經濟和社會狀況。應特別關注原住民老人、婦女、青年、兒童和殘疾人的權利和特殊需要。 第 22 條 1. 執行本《宣言》時，應特別關注原住民族、婦女、青年、兒童和殘疾人的權利和特殊需要。 2. 各國應採取措施，與原住民族共同確保原住民婦女和兒童得到充分的保護和保障，免受一切形式的暴力和歧視。 第 23 條 原住民族有權確定和制定其行使發展權的重點和戰略。 原住民族尤其有權積極參與制定和確定影響到他們的醫療、住房及其他經濟和社會方案，並盡可能通過自己的機構管理這些方案。 第 24 條 1. 原住民族有權使用自己的傳統醫藥，有權保留自己的保健方法，包括有權養護重要的藥用植物、動物和礦物。原住民還有權不受任何歧視地享用所有社會和醫療服務。 2. 原住民享有能達到的最高標準身心健康的平等權利。各國應採取必要措施，逐步充分落實此項權利。 第 25 條 原住民族有權維持和加強他們同他們歷來擁有或以其他方式佔有和使用的土地、領土、水域、近海和其他資源之間的獨特精神聯繫，並在這方面維護他們對後代的責任。 第26條 1. 原住民族對他們歷來擁有、佔有或以其他方式使用或獲得的土地、領土和資源擁有權利。 2. 原住民族有權擁有、使用、開發和控制因他們歷來擁有或其他的歷來佔有或使用而持有的土地、領土和資源，以及他們以其他方式獲得的土地、領土和資源。 3. 各國應在法律上承認和保護這些土地、領土和資源。這種承認應充分尊重有關原住民族的習俗、傳統和土地所有權制度。 第27條 各國應與有關原住民族共同制定和執行公平、獨立、公正、開放和透明的程式，充分承認原住民族的法律、傳統、習俗和土地所有權制度，以便承認和裁定原住民族對其土地、領土和資源，包括對他們歷來擁有或以其他方式佔有或使用的土地、領土和資源的權利。原住民族應有權參與這一程式。 第28條 1. 原住民族有權要求補償在未事先獲得他們自由知情同意的情況下被沒收、奪走、佔有、使用或破壞的他們歷來擁有或以其他方式佔有或使用的土地、領土和資源，補償的辦法可包括歸還原物，或在無法這樣做時，給予公正、合理和公平的賠償。 2. 除非有關民族另外自由同意，賠償的方式應為品質、面積和法律地位相等的土地、領土和資源，或貨幣賠償或其他適當補償。 第29條 1. 原住民族有權養護和保護環境和他們的土地或領土和資源的生產能力。各國應在不加歧視的情況下，制定和執行援助土著民族進行這種養護和保護的計畫。 2. 各國應採取有效措施，確保未事先獲得原住民族的自由知情同意，不得在原住民族的土地或領土上存放或處置危險材料。 3. 各國還應採取有效措施，根據需要，確保由受危險材料影響的原住民族制定和執行的用於監測、保護和恢復原住民族健康的方案，得到適當執行。 第30條 1. 不得在原住民族的土地或領土上進行軍事活動，除非因有關的公眾利益受到重大威脅而有理由這樣做，或經過有關原住民族自由同意或應其要求這樣做。 2. 各國在使用原住民族的土地或領土開展軍事活動前，應通過適當程式，特別是通過原住民族的代表機構，與有關原住民族進行有效協商。 第31條 1. 原住民族有 權保存、掌管、保護和發展其文化遺產、傳統知識和傳統文化的表現形式及其科學、技術和文化的表現形式，包括人類和遺傳資源、種子、醫藥、有關動植物群特性 的知識、口授傳統、文學作品、設計、體育和傳統遊戲、視覺和表演藝術。他們也有權保存、掌管、保護和發展自己對這些文化遺產、傳統知識和傳統文化表現形式 的知識產權。 2. 各國應與原住民族共同採取有效措施，承認和保護對這些權利的行使。 第32條 1. 原住民族有權確定和制定其土地或領土和其他資源的開發或利用重點和戰略。 2. 各國在批准任何影響原住民族土地或領土和其他資源的專案，特別是開發、利用或開採礦物、水或其他資源的專案前，應通過有關原住民族自己的代表機構，誠意與土著民族協商和合作，征得他們的自由知情同意。 3. 各國應提供有效機制，為任何此類活動提供公正和公平的補償，並應採取適當措施，減少對環境、經濟、社會、文化或精神的不利影響。 第33條 1. 原住民族有權按照其習俗和傳統決定自己的身份或歸屬。這並不損害土著人獲取居住國公民資格的權利。 2. 原住民族有權按照自己的程式來決定其機構的構架和挑選這些機構的成員。 第34條 原住民族有權根據國際人權標準，促進、發展和保持其體制構架及其獨特的習俗、精神性、傳統、程式和做法，以及已有的司法制度或慣例。 第35條 原住民族有權決定個人對其社區應負的責任。 第36條 1. 原住民族，特別是被國際邊界分隔開的原住民族，有權與邊界另一邊的同族人和其他人保持和發展接觸、關係與合作，包括為精神、文化、政治、經濟和社會目的開展活動。 2. 各國應與原住民族協商合作，採取有效措施，協助行使這一權利，並確保這一權利得到落實。 第37條 1. 原住民族有權要求與各國或其繼承國訂立的條約、協定和其他建設性安排得到承認、遵守和執行，有權要求各國履行和尊重這些條約、協定和其他建設性安排。 2. 本《宣言》任何內容都不得解釋為削弱或取消這些條約、協定和其他建設性安排規定的原住民族權利。 第38條 各國應與原住民族協商合作，採取適當措施，包括立法措施，以實現本《宣言》的目標。 第39條 原住民族有權從各國和通過國際合作獲得資金和技術援助，以享受本《宣言》規定的各項權利。 第40條 原住民族有權借助公正和公平的程式並通過這些程式迅速獲得裁決，解決同各國或其他當事方的衝突或爭端，並在其個人和集體權利受到侵犯時，得到有效的補償。這種裁決應充分考慮有關原住民族的習俗、傳統、規則和法律制度以及國際人權。 第41條 聯合國系統各機關和專門機構及其他政府間組織尤其應通過推動財務合作和技術援助，協助全面落實本《宣言》的規定。應制定相關方式和方法，確保原住民族參與處理影響到他們的問題。 第42條 聯合國、聯合國機構，包括土著問題常設論壇、各專門機構，包括國家一級的機構以及各個國家，應促進尊重和全面執行本《宣言》的規定，不斷關注本《宣言》的效力。 第43條 本《宣言》所承認的權利為全世界土著民族爭取生存、維護尊嚴和謀求幸福的最低標準。 第44條 原住民，不分男女，均可平等享有本《宣言》承認的所有權利和自由。 第45條 本《宣言》任何內容都不得理解為削弱或取消原住民族現在享有或將來可能獲得的權利。 第46條 1. 本《宣言》任何內容都不得解釋為允許任何國家、民族、團體或個人有權從事任何違背《聯合國憲章》的活動或行為，或被認為是允許或鼓勵完全或部分破壞或削弱獨立主權國家的領土完整或政治統一。 2. 在行使本《宣言》宣佈的權利時，應尊重所有人的人權和基本自由。本《宣言》規定的權利的行使，只應受法律規定的限制和受根據國際人權義務規定的限制。任何此類限制不應帶有歧視性，而且完全是確保對他人權利與自由的應有承認與尊重和滿足民主社會的公正和最緊要需求所必需的。 3. 對本《宣言》規定的解釋，應依照公正、民主、尊重人權、平等、不歧視、善政和誠意的原則。