依類型 族群 主題   
 
 
2015.10
回歸部落之歌:卑南族下賓朗部落的歌謠分類
族群: 卑南族   
主題: 音樂、學術研究  
作者 賴靈恩
期刊名 臺灣音樂研究21期頁97-135
ISSN 1818-9288
地點 台東縣 卑南鄉  下賓朗部落  
研究內容

對於一個族群或民族的音樂研究時,身為研究者對於此族群音樂風格的描述,大多是以所採集的歌謠音樂,依據音樂的某些特性而加以分類。面對研究的下賓朗部落,他們對於歌謠的概念是甚麼?他們是如何區分這些歌謠?而歌謠的分類對於部落族人有何意義存在?筆者從幾個角度去思考、去提問,透過田野調查訪談,發現部落族人對於哪些歌謠是在特定的時間、空間甚至哪些人才能吟唱有清楚的劃分與界定,且這一類的歌謠都有其專屬的名稱。這些歌謠是以歌唱或吟唱的方式來進行儀式活動,包含與小米有關的「misa’ur」,執行者以女性為主;「pa’ira’iraw」則是從mangayangayaw(少年猴祭)到mangayaw(大獵祭),運行於男性為主體的儀式中的歌謠;「temilratrilraw」專用於「muwarak」傳統舞蹈的歌謠形式;「marsa’er」按字義就是「互相對話」,在慶賀喜事如新屋落成、嬰兒滿月、結婚或拜訪親友之時以歡喜的心情互相祝賀;而「temaramaw」則是女祭司與男祭司舉行祭祀時的祭詞。另一類無特定空間時間,在日常生活、工作閒暇之餘、隨興而唱的歌謠,稱為「senay」,此類歌謠可說是部落族人共同生活下集體經驗的交集,用歌來書寫部落歷史。本文針對上述不同類別的歌謠概念探討,試圖建構出下賓朗部落的歌謠分類體系。

In ethnomusicology, researchers usually describe the musical style of a tribe and classify the collected music/song samples on the basis of their music features or functions. Such classification is mainly done from the outsiders'' point of view. This study attempts to explore the musics and songs of the Puyumas in the village of Pinaski from the inside, that is from the tribal people’s point of view. We want to learn more deeply about how the Puyuma look at their own music/songs, how they distinguish those songs, and what song classification means to them. We investigate the function of songs through fieldworks and discover that there seem to be some clear principles that certain songs can only be sung by certain people, at certain time, and at certain place. And each kind of songs has its own proper name. This paper investigates the songs which are chanted only in ritual activities, including misa''ur, pai''ira''iraw, temilratrilraw, and marsa''er. Songs for misa''ur, a kind of millet-related ritual, are performed by women. Those for pa''ira''iraw from mangayangayaw to mangayaw are performed by men. Those for temilratrilraw are dedicated to the traditional dance muwarak. Those for marsa''er, which literally means congratulations, are used at happy events. Another kind of songs, called senay, can be sung casually in their daily lives. This kind of songs can be treated as collective experiences of tribal history written in the form of songs. In this paper, we try to construct a classification system of the Puyuma in Pinaski and explore different kinds of their songs. 

研究成果 37509292016.pdf