研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
移墾社會的探討,為研究台灣史不可或缺的一環;而透過聚落之拓墾與發展的研究,可以詳細的深入了解聚落開發之歷程及社會組織之情形,亦可以對區域之研究有所助益。
本文研究的區域大路關,為現今屏東縣高樹鄉廣興及廣福二個村落。大路關社(Taraquan)這個名詞,最早出現在十七世紀荷蘭人統治的時代,當時極有可能是魯凱或排灣族的聚落。隨著漢人移民之拓墾腳步,本地區約於乾隆初年,客家先民來到此地拓墾並建立一個聚落─廣福庄,為六堆組織右堆的一部份。咸豐三年(1853)閩南人聯合加蚋埔平埔熟番,包圍大路關,是為大路關之役,六堆組織亦發揮其團結互助之精神,由內埔及美濃居民組成的救緩部隊解救了大路關庄之危。咸豐七年(1857)武洛溪水氾濫,也造成本村的一大浩劫,大路關庄從此一分為二,舊大路關(廣福村),新大路關(廣興村)。至日治時代,日人為了解決水患,徵收部分民地以為築提,也造成本地居民的二次移民。
由日治時期的堡圖、台灣地形圖、及國民政府時期的航照圖交叉比對,可以看出大路關地區這近百年來聚落的演變是呈現慢速發展的變化,而由日治時期戶口資料更可以看出其通婚情形的封閉現象,由以上的資料所呈現出來的大路關又是個典型的封閉的農村聚落,故綜觀大路關聚落的拓墾及發展史,正是一部由拓墾的移民聚落社會轉變為封閉的農村聚落的歷程。
本研究的主要的目的在於,(一)試圖重建大路關地區由清初開庄拓墾歷經清朝、日治時期時至今日村莊聚落之發展歷程。(二)由拓墾史探索當地與鄰近村落的閩、客、平埔及高山族(排灣與魯凱族)之間的關係。(三)探索當地之社會組織、學校教化及婚姻關係。(四)探索當地的水利設施、產業結構及變遷。 (五)探索大路關之二次移民,即由大路關再遷徙至他處之移民。綜合上述之研究目的,期望對大路關地區─這客家拓墾之前線,建立一完整之論述。
[ 英文摘要 ]
The society of cultivation is indispensable to Taiwan research history. Through the development of village’s research, we are able to know better of the progress of the villages development history and society organization. It also benefit to the region research at the same time.
Da- Lu-Kuan is the main area of this research which is located in Guang-Xin and Guangfu villages, guang fu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan. The word “Da- Lu-Kuan” first appeared in17 century when Dutch established a commercial base on Taiwan. Da- Lu-Kuan means the villages of lu kai or Pai wan .
Followed by Han Chinese immigrations, in the early Qing Dynasty Hakka ancestor established a village called “Guang-Fu” which belong to part of you dui of the Liu-dui organization. In 1853 , “Min-Nan” and “ jia- nei- pu ” aborigines besieged the Da- Lu-Kuan. It is called the battle of Da- Lu-Kuan. The local residents came from Nei pu and Mei nong fought with Min-Nan” and “ jia- nei- pu ” to save their homes.
In 1857, “the floods of river ‘wu ron”
divided Da- Lu-Kuan” into two parts; old “Da- Lu-Kuan”(k v) and new Da- Lu-Kuan”().
During the period of Japanese colonial, Japanese government levied lands for the “wu-” embankment and forced the local residents had to move away for the second time.
According to the map of the Japanese colonial and National Military Council period ,Da- Lu-Kuan villages has changed slowly over the years. The data source of the marriages also shows that intermarriage was popular at the time. It is believed that Da- Lu-Kuan was a classic a rural village.
In the development history of Da- Lu-Kuan, the cultivation villages
have transformed into a rural village
This study reports
1. To reconstruct the cultivation village history from the Qing dynasty to modern times
2. To explore the connections between local villages ,such as Min nan、Hakka”ping pu、pai wan and lu kai
3. To excogitate the social organization、school education and marriage system
4. To investigate the irrigation work and industrial structure vicissitude
5. To explore the second movement of Da- Lu-Kuan villagers |