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台東東河部落「慢走漫遊」之部落觀光研究 “Leisurely Wander” of Donghe Community in Taitung Country─ A Tribal Tourism Research
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| 作者 |
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蔣美玲 |
| 學校系所 |
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國立東華大學族群關係與文化研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
摘 要
台灣許多原住民部落因多處偏僻地區，交通不便、謀生困難使得不少原住民選擇移居到都市謀職。然而移居到都市的原住民，卻又受限於本身人力資本、文化資本、社會資本不利的情況下，無法在漢人主流社會下獲得更好的社經地位。當謀生不易的原鄉受到觀光熱潮的影響下，選擇以發展觀光來解決生計困難問題時，觀光對部落文化與經濟產生什麼樣的衝擊和影響，引起筆者研究的動機。
「慢走漫遊」為東管處試驗性在東海岸，推動優閒慢步體驗當地自然與文化的一種旅遊概念。本論文試圖探討東河部落於2006年參與「慢走漫遊」計畫以來，對當地文化與經濟帶來的衝擊與影響。本研究之進行，除了透過參與觀察以及對相關人員進行訪談之外，也蒐集相關文獻、計畫案、成果報告等，以試圖了解東河部落推動觀光發展之運作情形以及其所引發之效應。
研究後發現，東河部落參與「慢走漫遊」計畫之緣起，主要為促進地方經濟發展、增加青年在地就業機會以及發揚阿美族文化為目的。然而東河部落這兩年（2006-2008）以來，仍處於初期發展階段，多以興建觀光硬體設施、開發景點、建立內部運作機制為主。發展觀光過程中對文化帶來的衝擊，除了是傳統透過再現與復振的過程，更凝聚了族人的向心力與認同感之外，遊客來源尚不穩定、來客人數不多，使得經濟衝擊現象並不明顯。遊客來源不穩，也讓族人不敢對觀光發展的未來抱持過度樂觀的想像。此外，東河部落仍保有的年齡組織制度，使得族人對於觀光發展相關事務，多以尊重領導人指示，族人合作、和諧性高，但年齡組織卻也是影響觀光發展進度的因素。礙於年齡階級長幼有序的規範，年輕人不敢逾越長上出頭的結果，多處於被動者的位置，造成部落觀光發展速度緩慢。如何能突破年齡組織規範有效推動觀光，以及開拓地方多元產業發展、整合在地資源，成為部落目前需要克服之問題。
[ 英文摘要 ]
Abstract
In Taiwan, many indigenous communities are located at remote areas, where transportation is inconvenient, and making a living difficult; as a result, many indigenous residents migrated to the metropolis to seek employment. However, those who migrated to the metropolis were restricted by their lack of human capital, cultural capital, and social capital, so that they were unable to achieve better social status in the Han people’s mainstream society. In recent years, tourism development in many indigenous communities has been regarded as important means to overcome their economic difficulties, this research is interested in finding out the impact of community tourism development on local culture and economy.
In 2005, the East Coast National Scenic Area initiated a new project, “Leisurely Wander”, hoping to help tourists experience nature and local culture in the east-coast of Taiwan. This thesis focuses on Donghe Community of Taitung Country, in order to understand cultural and economic impacts of tourism after the tribe took part in the “Leisurely Wander” project. This research applies the methods of participant observation, in-depth interview, and secondary data analysis in order to better understand Donghe Tribal tourism development issues.
The research found that Donghe Commumity is still undertaking preliminary preparations, such as facilities constructions, tourist information collection, and resorts development in the past two years (2006-2008). During the process, as far as the cultural impact caused by tourism development is concerned, cultural tradition is reanimated and provides cohesion and a positive self-identification among the tribal residents. On the other hand, the economic impact is not significant for not many tourists visit this tribe yet. Without a stable source of tourists, the tribe residents dare not to be too optimistic about tourism development. Besides, residents of Donghe Community still follow the traditional age-groups social structure; as a result, regarding the tourist affairs, the residents often follow the leader’s instruction and emphasise the importance of co-operation and harmony. However, this is also a factor delaying tourism development, as the young people dare not to contradict their elders so that young people can only obey passively. How to break the rules of age-groups structure to promote tourism, how to develop tourism-related local enterprises, and how to intergrate the local resources, these are the main issues coufrenting Dounghe Community.
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