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原住民女性微型創業及持續經營關鍵因素之研究 A Study of Key Factors on Micro-Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Management for Indigenous Women
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| 作者 |
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陳海雲 |
| 學校系所 |
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國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所 |
| 地點 |
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全臺 全部
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| 研究內容 |
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[ 摘要 ]
微型創業的概念來自APEC（亞太經合會），而APEC 認為要改善婦女的經濟
地位最有效方法，就是鼓勵婦女創業。傳統上，原住民在原鄉部落皆以從事農林
漁牧等初級產業為主要的收入來源，而此類產業在台灣經濟發展中相對處於弱
勢，不但產業發展不易且所得也相對偏低。
近年來，由於社會的變遷，產業結構的改變、教育普及與知識經濟的發展，
引導原住民也嘗試自行創業，躋身在各個行業中努力，政府自2001 年政府極力
推廣創業，提供多元的創業貸款，輔導之成效後，新創事業每年約以3,000 至
5,000 件的速度成長，其中尤以女性族群成長比例較高，在2006 年女性創業比
例已達44.9%，與男性55.1%相去不遠（林仁菁 2007）。
行政院原住民族委員會自91 年至95 年之原住民族綜合發展基金貸款，總共
核貸了822 件，女性貸款就有346 件佔了4 成之多，由此可見，原住民女性在
創業市場上有漸進之趨勢，然台灣每年有近10 萬家的中小企業成立，但每年也
折損8 萬家僅存2 萬家，其中又以資本額較低規模較小的5 人以下的微型企業，
消長的速度比較快，可以得知，創業容易守成難，且行政院原住民族委員會於
95 年選出了14 位原住民女性創業成功人才，本研究即針對已創業之原住民女性
做為研究主體，透過對個案的深度訪談及ATLAS.ti 軟體來分析，得知原住民女
性在創業的歷程中持續的最主要關鍵因素是不斷的學習及對原住民文化有使命
感，並以網絡圖表示。
經本研究之發現，受訪者在談及創業歷程中，回想在創業時的瓶頸，主要還
是以創業資金為最大的問題，創業資金的不足、周轉資金的不足、經營管理上的
經驗不足，沒有適合的人才等等；其中也有受訪者認為政府在其創業歷程中，非
但沒有幫助，反倒成了創業的障礙。未來政府在推動有關原住民族政策時，應該
要引以為鑑。
[ 英文摘要 ]
This Concept of micro-entrepreneurship deriving from APEC (Asia Pacific
Economic Cooperation), it is said that the best method to improve women’s economy
is to encourage them by involving into it. Traditionally, Taiwan indigenous peoples
had always earned their living by farming, foresting, fishing, and herding as primary
industries, which relatively caused tribal society an inferior situation and low income.
With recent years of social, industrial, and educational change in structure, the
development of knowledge economic gives indigenous peoples an option to start their
own enterprise, or chances to serve in all walks of life. On the other hand, our
government also makes every effort to popularize to start a enterprise and provides
plural entrepreneurship loans. After effective guiding and assisting, a number of
entrepreneurships grow by 3000 to 5000 cases per year and have higher portions for
women. In 2006, entrepreneurship for women is up to 44.9% and not far from 55.1%
for men.
From 2002 to 2006, Council of Indigenous People, Executive Yuan had issued 822
loan cases in total from Indigenous People Developing Fund, whiled 346（40%） were
for women. Therefore, entrepreneurships for indigenous women are growing in
market. In Taiwan, about one hundred thousand small and medium-sized enterprises
establish every year, but only twenty thousand exist. Low capitalization and
less-than-five-people micro enterprises turn over faster. Entrepreneurship is easy,
but holding achievements is hard. Council of Indigenous People, Executive Yuan
had selected 14 successful indigenous women in 2006. This study, thus, focuses onindigenous women who have their own business by using In-Depth Interviewing and
ATLAS.ti software. And we get the result that the key factors for indigenous women
in entrepreneurship are keeping practicing and possessing great sense of mission for
indigenous culture. We have demonstrated with figures of network.
This study finds that when surveying their experiences and progress, responders
recalled the major problems were lack of entrepreneurship capitals (mainly), lack of
turnover capitals, lack of managing experiences, and lack of adaptable talents. Some
would think that government is not a helper but a barrier during entrepreneurship
progress. In the future, government should let it as a mirror when driving indigenous
policies.
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