本文探討1880年代至1990年代初期，臺東馬蘭地區阿美族人音樂活動現代化的情形，觀察項目包括表演、唱片、愛國教育、漢式宗教、電影等。本文試圖追溯馬蘭人早期的表演記錄，以及日治時期馬蘭舞蹈表演為政治服務的情形，並且根據1970年代至1990年代初期的學術調查與重要演出，討論馬蘭人如何處理表演當中音樂「傳統」的問題。統治教化的層面上，日治時期的歌唱教育影響了馬蘭人的音樂品味，1950年代「山地」文化工作則對現今原住民歌舞形式的發展有決定性的影響。有關1960年代興起的原住民歌謠唱片，本文以參與錄音者的音樂經歷及其人際關係為主要討論對象，並從音樂的觀點討論收錄歌曲的類型。本文也將討論馬蘭人接受漢式宗教以及接觸電影之後音樂活動上的改變。

This paper explores the modernization of the musical activities of Falangaw people, an Amis tribe in Taitung, during the 1880s to the early 1990s. This has been done by examining performance events, vinyl records, patriotic education, Han religion, films, etc. The research attempted to trace the early performance records of the Falangaw people and how their dance performances served politics during the Japanese colonial period. It also studied how they settled the issue on ＂tradition＂ in performance, on the basis of the ethnomusicologists'' fieldworks and the significant performances from the 1970s to the 1990s. The singing education as political indoctrination during the colonial period affected the Falangaw people''s musical taste, while the ＂Mountain＂ cultural work of the 1950s, another form of political indoctrination by the Han, conclusively influenced the development of the current aboriginal song and dance forms. As for the vinyl records of aboriginal folk songs springing up in the 1960s, the research mainly probed into the participants'' musical experiences and their interpersonal relationships and studied the genres of the songs recorded. The paper also sketches the case of Falangaw Amis of how Han religion and films influenced the aborigines'' musical life.