臺灣擁有許多先居於這塊島嶼的族群，伴隨著外來移居者所建立政權及社會的同化，累積數百年之後，使此等族群賴以存在的文化認同受到嚴重的破壞，直到近三十年來原住民族意識抬頭，許多原住民族始有復權的意識，然受到同化程度嚴重的原住民族在此過程中，面對國家機器時卻屢屢碰壁。然國家究竟有什麼樣的權力讓一群具有先住性且相同認同的人一再碰壁呢？國家對族群及族群中的個人進行管制的目的又是如何？本文比較日本愛奴民族受到同化的程度及復權的過程，發現此等民族與臺灣西拉雅族受到同化的程度相近，但在此同時，兩者同樣都有很強的文化認同，認為愛奴民族的努力及國家對其民族地位的肯定可作為我國原住民族行政的他山之石。在日本承認愛奴族為一個原住民族的情況下，本文以為臺灣本於多元文化的實踐，在理論上西拉雅族具有原住民族的特色，而有肯定此一民族成為原住民族的必要性。同時，承認其原住民族的地位也不至於對既有的原住民族造成衝擊，即便產生爭議，法院也有以判決定是非的可能性，故在族群的管制上可以採取報備制；另一方面，在族群成員的管制上，則可以交給各個族群進行自我管制，才能落實原住民族自治的精神。

Taiwan has many indigenous peoples since thousands years ago. Accompany with the external immigrant migrated into Taiwan, and established the political power; society also assimilated the culture of indigenous peoples in the same time. Through many hundred years, indigenous peoples lost their identity gradually. Many indigenous began to return their national consciousness until these resent thirty years. But the indigenous peoples who were assimilated seriously always met obstacles when they contact with the government. Does Country have power to decide groups of people are indigenous people or not? What are the regulation purposes when Country regulates who are the indigenous people and who are the members of indigenous people? This article compares with the degree of Ainu nation were assimilated, and how this people rehabilitated their right. This article finds the assimilation extent between Ainu and Plains indigenous people are very similar, and both of them have very strong culture identity. While Ainu were recognizes as an indigenous people by Japanese government in 2008, a lot of Plains indigenous peoples are still exerting. When we are thinking should Country need to help these peoples or not, the Japanese experience is worth us to consult. Siraya nation has all of the characteristics of indigenous people; government, base on multiple-culture, should recognize its indigenous status. Especially when other peoples argue its legitimacy, courts also have opportunity to make judgments. These judgments can correct the error when a group of people is not indigenous in the nature. Therefore, this article concludes we can accept notification system when we judge a group is indigenous or not. Besides, when we judge a person is an indigenous or not, we can use private regulation, indigenous people can make decisions by themselves.