[ 摘要 ]

本論文探討布魯斯‧查特文《巴塔哥尼亞高原上》中的混雜與矛盾及其暗示每個人都是遊牧者的潛在問題。在分析文本中的矛盾與不確定性的脈絡下，本論文的論述路徑如下:本論文引用作者布魯斯‧查特文最關心的議題及論點:人類的不安於室是出於天性，並將此議題安置於探討文本中敘述者對旅遊、放逐、游牧的想像；此外，聖經創世紀中亞伯與該隱所代表的意函—游牧者與定居者—貫穿全論文。本論文的介紹，著重於查特文的旅行文本對當代及後人帶來的影響，及其旅行書寫特徵。論文第一章分析文本中根與路徑之對比：文本中充滿失根離散的放逐者與漂泊成性的旅人之對比。巴塔哥尼亞儼然成為敘述者的寫作舞台。論文第二章探討文本的後現代書寫技巧與策略，並主張藉由混雜、文本互文性、與眾聲喧嘩，敘述者自嘲並質疑自己崇尚的英雄主義式旅行與西方的文學或形而上學傳統，而敘述者的聲音與意圖也被模糊了。論文第三章探討敘述者對於巴塔哥尼亞游牧原住民的矛盾態度，並闡述當敘述者重新檢視殖民文本並提出非主流論述時，也再一次地加強了殖民論述中的原民形象。尤其，敘述者對於巴塔哥尼亞與當地原民的認知皆來自再現想像而非現實，讓人不禁質疑巴塔哥尼亞亦是其游牧論述場域。即便如此，敘述者對於相對於西方定居生活的游牧生活之憧憬，還是提供了人們檢視西方文明與現代性的問題的空間。

[ 英文摘要 ]

This thesis is intended to study the various contradictions and ambiguities of In Patagonia and to question its potential advocacy for becoming the nomad. To demonstrate the ambiguities and contradiction of In Patagonia, I analyze the text’s ambivalent contestation between universalism and little narratives, modernism and postmodernism and interrogate the narrator’s representation of the minority. First, this thesis takes its departure from the narrator’s romantic universalization of human restlessness and the allegorical conflict of Abel and Cain as a metaphor of nomads and settlers. Second, this thesis analyzes the text’s postmodernist textual characteristics as a strategy for self-mockery and a critique of western literary or metaphysical traditions. Finally, this thesis studies the text’s revision of previous exploratory and colonial texts about Patagonian indigenous inhabitants and argues that in doing so the text implicitly subverts the hierarchy between the European explorers or colonizers and the Patagonian indigenous. Even though the narrator is prone to be critiqued as living in the imperial imagination of the restless desert nomad whose image is still inscribed within the European intellectual’s text from Noble Savage to the vanishing Indians, his concern for the nomadic way of life does offer a space for putting western modernity into question.