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[ 摘要 ]

台灣原住民勞工（原勞）長期位於社會之底層，其弱勢處境以就業情形最為嚴重。而城鄉產業發展的多樣程度明顯牽動人力資源的聚散效應，易形成高人力資本勞動力多聚集於都會地區，並享有較佳勞動條件；低人力資本勞動力因欠缺藉由勞工流動來獲得經濟利益能力，傾向滯留原居住地，普遍承受較差勞動待遇。本研究針對嘉義地區15歲以上原住民勞動人口，以抽樣調查及深度訪談方式，探討及比較阿里山鄉山地原住民、非阿里山鄉之嘉義縣及嘉義市平地原住民三地原勞就業狀況及其歸因之關係。從400份可用之樣本及輔以訪談發現:(1)嘉義原勞就業狀況與台灣整體原勞相較，各有其優劣處且差異不大;(2)地區別變項和原勞個人特徵及就業狀況具顯著相關;(3)城鄉產經發展差異，形成同質原勞聚散效應；(4)原勞就業困境和職場歧視、酗酒習性及集體工作行為呈顯著相關；（5）地區別變項與原勞自覺適性行業、有利原鄉發展產業呈顯著相關(6)地區別變項與自覺失業主因呈顯著相關。因此，本研究認為，解決原勞就業安全問題應從短中長期不同階段分別著手：（1）短中期以創造適性工作為主要考量點，善用當地豐富觀光資源及健全農產制度；（2）但長期方向仍以教育為重點，強化山地基礎教育資源補助及制度革新，以縮短城鄉及族群教育程度落差為目標。



[ 英文摘要 ]

Taiwanese aborigines who have long been situated in the lower level of our society are facing serious problems in the poor situation of employment. The diversification of business development of town and city obviously influences the gathering and scattering of human resource. It causes numerous of the labors, capital and work force all gather in metropolitan area to work in better conditions. Lowly labor power is hard to gain the economic effectiveness and the labors have to locate in their birthplace working in worse conditions. This research is point against the native labors in chia-yi area that are over fifteen years old. We carry this investigation by sampling surveys and in-depth interviews. Investigate and compare the connections between the employment status and its contributing factors among the native labors live in Ali mountain village, not in Ali mountain village, and in Chia-yi city. From four hundred simples and interviews, we found that:

1. Compare with the native labors from Chia-yi and around Taiwan, they both have their strong and weak points, but not too many differences.

2. Obviously, the characteristics of native labors and the employment status are changing by different area.

3. The discrepancy of business development of town and city causes the native labors that are in the same character gathering and scattering.

4. The employment predicament to native labors, the discrimination from work, the excessive drinking problems and the working behavior are significantly correlated and are implicative of each other.

5. The transfigurations of different area, choosing a decent job and developing business in their own town are significantly correlated.

6. The transfigurations of different area and the major reasons of unemployment are conrlected obviously.

Therefore, by this research, we think that to improve safety at the workplace should commence in short, medium and long terms: In short or medium term: To create decent jobs for native labors, to utilize the best use of the tourism resources and to establish a robust agriculture system are priority. In long term: The focal point is education reform.

Strengthening the basic education by increase its allowance and reform education system with the aim of cut down the distances and reduce the differences in education levels between the country and the city.