依類型 族群 主題   
 
 
2007.06.01 ~ 2008.06.01
Hla’alua人的社會生活、文化認同與族群意識:以桃源鄉高中村為例 The Hla’alua’s Social Life, Cultural identity and Group Ideology—A Case Study of GaoJhong Village, Tao-Yuan Township
族群: 拉阿魯哇族  
主題: 學術研究  
作者 郭基鼎
學校系所 國立臺東大學南島文化研究所
地點 高雄市 桃源區    
研究內容

[ 摘要 ]

原始單一族群的意識可說是二元的,主要強調內外之分,以求內部之凝聚與族群的延續。但是從歷史脈絡上看來,「族群性」一旦受到某些因素的影響會向外擴張,可能造成某些特定族群的發展,也可能使得其他少數族群變成弱勢,因而產生文化被同化、同質化的危機或認同上的疑慮,甚至形成所謂的「國族主義」。有關族群之消長或認同意識的變遷,經學者們的研究,已有許多相關的族群認同理論,如:原生論、環境論/工具論及建構論等,然不可諱言,這些可能都是出自某種意識下的外部觀點;而若再藉由政府政治或學術權力,使某一族群的族屬被迫認定,則將導致文化的錯認。近年來原住民的「正名運動」,即出自族群自身族屬的反省潮流。

本論文將以桃源鄉高中村的Hla’alua人為例,探究自日治時期、二次大戰後至今,在大社會的國族主義背景下,其在“族群”或文化認同意識上的演變與再建構之過程。並且,筆者將以Hla’alua人及高中村居民的身份,透過社會生活的參與長期地深入觀察來作一整理敘述;旨在以內部觀點來詮釋、分析在當前的文化政策、內外在條件與環境下,Hla’alua人是如何的別樹一格、有別於周遭居民,如外界分類下的鄒族或布農族人,並且蘊釀出族群的認同。

本研究以相關族群理論為基礎,進行人類學與歷史學的對話,結合外部與內部的觀點,以呈現Hla’alua人的族群意識(文化)。最大目的,除了提出一個重新思考與檢視台灣既有的族群分類架構的可能性。另外,透過此研究喚起族人正名運動的可能性,明確宣示其文化之主體性,並不歸屬他族,而應重新視為具有文化實體的單一之族群,獲取其延續生存所需之利益。



[ 英文摘要 ]

The ideology of a single aboriginal group is dualistic, since it stresses on the individuality of internal and external functions which are for uniting and extending the folk. From the view of history, once the group is impacted by certain external factors, it would extend outward. This extension might not only strengthen some certain groups, but also weaken other minority groups. Thus, the issues of cultural assimilation or identity would arise. Furthermore, it might shape the so-called nationalism. There are theories about group identify have been studied, such as Primordialism, Environmentalism, Instrumentalism and constructivism. However, these theories might come from the position of external ideology. In addition, if the group identity is forced by political power or academic authority, it would be mislead into wrong cultural identity. The Rectifying Activities of the aboriginal tribes in recent years are acting from the trend of self-identify.



This study will take the Hla’alua living in GaoJhong Village, Tao-Yuan Township as an example to investigate the development and reconstruction of their group or cultural ideology of self-identity with the history background of the nationalism of mass society shaped from the Japanese Colonial Period and World War II. Meanwhile, through a view of a citizen of Hla’alua and GaoJhong Village, a detailed description will be provided from the real participation and further observation of the local social life. The main purpose is to explain and analyze from internal point of view. With the present cultural policy, internal and external conditions, and environment; how the Hla’alua can be individual from other citizens and form their cultural identity and group ideology. In addition, to declare clearly their majority of their culture is not a sub-culture of other group. Besides, this study also attempts to propose another possibility of re-thinking and re-viewing the category of existed Taiwan tribes – to view the Hla’alua as an individual cultural group.