[ 摘要 ]

近年來，台灣的鄉村環境風貌特色逐漸消失，許多政策著重在鄉村地區的景觀維護，卻無法了解生活在鄉村中的居民對於居住環境的真正需求及感知，本研究嘗試以知覺與態度測量的方法，探討農村社區居民對於鄉村環境特色之環境知覺及評價，並以居民的認知程度，建構可用來調查鄉村環境風貌的評估因子。

經SPSS統計軟體工具分析，農村社區居民認為「自然」是鄉村環境的主要特色。並且，以因素分析方法將鄉村環境風貌評估因素分為「環境美適性」、「環境風貌特色」及「社區參與性」等三項主要因素，「環境美適性」主要包含「寧靜」、「環境自然少人工設施」以及「環境乾淨」等因子，「環境風貌特色」主要包含「植物種類多樣化」及「具有原始自然風貌」等因子，「社區參與性」主要包含「社區參與」因子；而居民認知程度最高者為「環境美適性」，顯示與居民生活息息相關的優美舒適之環境，是居民所真正需要且感受到的。

而本研究亦針對山地型、湖泊型、平原型及都市近郊型等四類型農村社區之鄉村環境特色進行調查比較，發現山地型、湖泊型及平原型農村社區之社區居民的認知較為接近，而都市近郊型社區居民則另歸為一類，顯示距離都市遠近及都市化程度成為影響鄉村地區居民的主要因素之ㄧ。因此，未來在研究及規劃鄉村地區時，應考慮居民的認知，以及該研究或規劃的農村社區類型，以利於達到永續的鄉村環境風貌。

[ 英文摘要 ]

Recently, rural environmental landscape features have disappeared in Taiwan. Many policies focus on landscape maintain in rural areas. However, policymakers can not realize what the people that live in real rural areas need and feel. The specific aim of this study is to evaluate the cognitions for rural environment features of rural residents by their consciousnesses and attitudes. Moreover, this paper also tries to establish the evaluating factors for environmental landscape by the cognitions of rural residents

By using statistic software SPSS to analyze these data, rural residents think that “nature” is the main feature of the rural environment. Moreover, this paper use factor analyze to abstract environmental landscape evaluating factors. Three of main environmental landscapes evaluating factors are “environmental beauty and comfort”, “environmental landscape characteristics”, and “community participation.” “Environmental beauty and comfort” includes the sub factors, such as quietness, natural environment, and environmental neatness. Sub factors of “environmental landscape characteristics” include plants diversity and having original natural landscape. Community participation is the only sub factor in the “community participation.” Additional, the highest factor in the rural residents’ recognition is “environmental beauty and comfort.” It can explain that the beautiful and comfortable environment that people live in everyday is something that people really want and need.

In addition, this paper focuses on four different rural areas and each one has different geographical features, such as rural in the mountain, on a plain, with a lake, or near the urban. After some surveys and comparison between these areas, this paper found that the residents who live in the rural area in the mountain, lake, and plain are similar while the residents who live in the rural area near the urban are significantly different with who lives in the others. It shows that the distance from urban to rural area and the degree of urbanization are main factors would affect the cognitions of rural residents. In conclude, when people try to study or plan rural areas, they should consider the cognitions of rural residents, and the characteristics of areas they are going to study or plan.