依類型 族群 主題   
 
 
1999.06.01 ~ 2001.06.01
臺灣原住民Y染色體微衛星基因座之遺傳人類學研究
族群: 跨族群  
主題: 學術研究、醫療保健  
作者 朱家琳
學校系所 慈濟大學人類學研究所
地點 全臺 全部  
研究內容

中心館藏網址 http://tulips.ntu.edu.tw/record=b2155059*cht

[ 摘要 ]
本研究之目的為利用Y染色體微衛星基因座的遺傳變異模式,探討台灣原住民族群演化與親緣關係,及可能經歷的男性演化史,並參考考古學、語言學、民族學等相關研究,將遺傳標記表現出的模式與族群的文化要素結合,探討遺傳人類學理論應用於族群演化史的各種可能性。 研究樣本共有泰雅、阿美、卑南、布農、鄒、排灣、魯凱、賽夏等八個族群240個無近親關係的男性,分別檢測DYS19、DYS388、DYS389I、DYS390、DYS391、DYS392以及DYS393七個基因座。以Nei(1987)的公式計算等位基因與單倍型變異度,並依據SMM突變模型分析各族群的主要單倍型模式。 研究結果發現台灣原住民的七個等位基因座共有28個不同的等位基因與79個單倍型,台灣島內族群單倍型變異度範圍為0.52-0.97,其中排灣族、布農族、鄒族及泰雅族變異度較低,可能代表經歷過瓶頸效應,導致人口數量較小,以及近期內未有與島外族群大規模的基因交流。魯凱族、阿美族、卑南族與賽夏族,單倍型變異度較高,其中阿美族與卑南族居住在花東縱谷,因無地理屏障的束縛,可能較易與其他族群互動。 依據SMM突變模型,可模式化各族群主要單倍型,整理出兩組差異較大的單倍型組,並依此將島內族群分為四部分,分別是(1)南部的排灣、魯凱與卑南族;(2)中北部的泰雅、布農與鄒族;(3)東部的阿美族;(4)西北部賽夏族。地理位置在南部的排灣、魯凱、卑南三族之間,共享許多單倍型,族群間差異小,可能是因相鄰長期互動的結果;相對於南部族群活絡的互動,泰雅、鄒、布農三族群間顯得生疏許多,儘管分佈範圍相鄰甚至重疊,我們的樣本呈現出族內同質性高、族間差異大的情況,至少,這代表著部落與部落間男性流動可能不常發生。泰雅族雖然整個族群人數眾多,我們得到的資料卻不如預期中「母群體較大應有較大變異度」的現象,這可能是晚近的人口快速分散現象所造成;賽夏族與阿美族的單倍型表現較複雜,難以歸類,阿美族各位置上分配模式都很特殊,似乎經歷過一次以上的瓶頸效應,或是兩群以上族群混合的結果。

[ 英文摘要 ]
This study analyzed the genetic variation of seven Y-chromosomal microsatellite loci (DYS19, DYS388, DYS389, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393) of 240 unrelated male individuals from eight Taiwan aboriginal populations (Atayal, Amis, Bunun, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Saisiat and Tsou) to investigate genetic affinities among these populations and their population history. A total of 79 different haplotypes among 240 males were observed in the study, of which 51 (65%) were each found in a single male only, and 13 (16%) were shared between populations. Analysis of gene diversity indicated that several studied populations have experienced substantial genetic isolation with a reduction in male effective sizes, or have suffered bottlenecks in the past (e.g. Paiwan, Bunun, Tsou and Atayal). All the haplotypes were divided into three main subgroups based on stepwise mutation model. Furthermore, the studied populations were categorized by their predominant haplotypes. According to their haplotype distributions, these eight populations were divided into four groups: (1) Paiwan, Rukai and Puyuma (2) Atayal, Bunun and Tsou (3) Amis and (4) Saisiat. Φst statistics identified close genetic affinities among the populations in group 1. On the other hand, that the allelic and haplotype distributions of the populations in group 2 were distinct from each other, which suggested that gene flow among these neighboring populations were limited. It is not easy to analyze the genetic variation of Saisiat and Amis because of their complex haplotype distributions. The special allelic distribution of Amis might result from more than one bottleneck occurred in the past or genetic admixture of more than one populations.