[ 摘要 ]
近幾年原住民族自治的議題，在國際間受到相當大的重視，世界各國討論的焦點主要放在少數民族的人權、生存權和土地權等基本要求，台灣的原住民族也順著這股國際潮流，不斷向政府提出相關的訴求。在1980年代以前，對於台灣政府而言所謂的「原住民問題」並不存在，主要是認為「山地同胞」遲早會被同化為與一般的漢人無異，至原住民運動於1980年代興起，在島內民主化以及國際原住民族運動的洗禮下，原住民族權利的發展才在台灣政治中展開新的一頁。
目前，台灣原住民族自治問題已經提到檯面，根據第三代人權觀念的潮流，「自決權」應該是各地原住民族的「既有權」（inherent rights），內涵包括參政權、文化權、財政權、補償權等等。部分原住民人士取法國際法中的民族自決理念，要求各原住民族成立民族自治政府，擁有獨立財政與教育文化權利，各族與中華民國之間則定位為「準國與國的關係」。立法院並於2005年1月通過〈原住民族基本法〉，確認原住民自治權。
綜合上述，本研究以目前相關的原住民族自治法律及法律草案來做分析，並訪談原鄉的地方菁英，歸納比較出原鄉地方菁英對中央當前制定原住民族自治政策的看法，期望未來能提供原住民族自治制度設計的法源依據或參考，研究的結果有以下幾點結論：
1. 原住民族族群內部在成立自治區並實施自治觀念上尚未沒有達成一個較為完整的共識。
2. 現行主流社會對於原住民族自治仍保有相當大的疑慮跟限制，導致在自治的層面上無法有所發展。
3. 在原住民族自治層面上，應不僅要照顧原住民族本身的需求，更要從現實環境去考量，才能增加其制度落實的可行性。

[ 英文摘要 ]
Up to the recent years, more and more nations attached great importance to the autonomous issue of indigenous peoples. Every nation around the world discuss about the topics of ethnic minority’s basic request, including of human rights, existence rights, and burgage. The indigenous peoples in Taiwan went with the international stream and asked for their rights to Taiwan government abidingly. Before 1980’s, the “indigenous people problem” didn’t be emphasized by Taiwan Government because they thought that mountaineers would assimilated to common people sooner or later. The indigenous peoples’ movement began at 1980’s, and evolved a new advance about indigenous peoples’ rights in Taiwan politics, under the influences of democratization and international indigenous peoples’ movement.
From now on, the autonomic problem of indigenous peoples in Taiwan is obvious. According to the Third Generation Human Right, the indigenous peoples’ autonomy should be “inherent rights” belong to indigenous peoples in every region, which include politics, culture, finance and compensation. Some indigenous people followed the example of the self-determination in international law, and asked indigenous peoples around every region to establish autonomic government organization, which owns independent rights of finance, education and culture. Besdies, it should keep the relationship of “quasi nation-to-nation” between organization and R.O.C. The Legislative passed through the “Indigenous Peoples Basic Law” on Jan.,2005, and affirmed the indigenes’ autonomy.
Comprehensively, I analyzed the laws about indigenous peoples’ autonomy and draft plans, and had interviews with some elites from indigenous peoples. Therefore, I brought a generalization and comparison about indigenous elites’ opinions of the indigenes’ autonomic policy enacted by the central government, which expected to be the basis or consultation of enacting the indigenous autonomic system. Finally, I had three results as follow：
1. Within the indigenous peoples, there is still not a whole common view about setting the indigenous autonomic area and idea.
2. Because the central society has a great deal of abridgement and mistrust about the indigenous autonomy, it doesn’t have more development in autonomy.
3. Speaking of the indigenous autonomy, we should not only take care of the indigenous peoples’ need, but also consider the actual environment. In this way, it will add the practicability of workable system.