當代原住民族的土地治理承載了國家與原住民族的長期互動歷史，累積了各式政策制度的影響，更反映了國家法制對原住民族權利的典範。晚近以來，針對原住民族傳統生態知識的探究，結合社會生態系統韌性的建立，將原住民族土地治理的知識、方法、制度與體系透過參與與協力融入國家土地治理體系，成為原住民族土地治理之發展常態。然而，原住民族土地治理課題更涉及國家與原置物民族的治理制度差異，土地權力與土地權利的落差，並且受到不同尺度治理政策變遷影響，故較是合透過動態治理觀點以調適治理視角理解並分析原住民族土地治理之關鍵課題。
蘭嶼做為台灣唯一的離島原住民族，與台灣原住民族擁有相似的背景情境，卻也具備相對獨特的政治經濟治理脈絡，使其在晚近以來出現諸多原住民族土地治理的發展衝突，本研究即以蘭嶼為例，探討國家治理制度與原住民族土地治理模式的差異，分析其原住民族土地治理的歷史脈絡演進，並以近年的經驗案例，分析其關鍵課題，並以調適治理的視野進行批判性之分析。
本研究自2011年至2017年間，透過參與式研究方法既行調查，針對上述關注提出分析結果。結果顯示蘭嶼雅美族與國家皆有其各自運作之土地治理制度，在土地財產權與土地利用層面具備相應的治理規範，而此二種制度歷經了單軌運作、雙軌平行、雙軌相競到雙重失靈狀態，各案例分析則顯示兩套制度的相競與抵銷造成社會生態系統韌性的調適失靈，跨越島嶼尺度與範疇的複合性衝擊造成蘭嶼原住民族土地治理的渾沌狀態，其空間決策權力結構也從國家與原住民的二元對立，加入了第三者－資本市場的作用力而面臨重組。
綜此，本研究總結蘭嶼案例對於台灣原住民族土地治理發展，具備既相似又特定的政治經濟脈絡，使其反映出原住民族在土地治理權力缺席的法制結構困境，又因蘭嶼在空間政治上的特殊條件，使其以島嶼尺度之姿，在有限度的社會生態系統韌性之下，面對國家與市場的跨尺度治理衝擊，因而更顯著地反映了原住民族土地治理的動態調適治理需求。本研究承上述研究結果，主張應建構雅美族土地治理內涵、法制制度，以及法治主體，並建立雅美族治理體系與國家治理體系的調適治理機制，透過二者合作結合建構為蘭嶼原住民族土地之調適治理體制。

The issue of indigenous land governance indicated the interactions between government and indigenous people. Recently, indigenous knowledge is applied to environmental policy due to its contribution on sustainable management and resilience building. The dynamic indigenous land governance, accordingly, requires more attention on realizing the difference about governance power, right, and institution between government and indigenous people.
Orchid Island (Lanyu), a small isolated island with Yami indigenous people inhabited, develops in the same institution but expresses some uniqueness on local land governance. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the two difference land governance institutions between Yami people and government. Further, this study attempts to analyze the long-term interactions between them, and concludes in the perspective of adaptive governance on indigenous land governance of Orchid Island.
Participatory research were applied during 2011-2017 to investigate the Yami’s institutions of land ownership and land use management. Results show the interactions between governmental and Yami’s institutions has changed in four phrases: one-way practice, two-way practice, two-way compete, and two-way failure. Empirical cases study indicate the continuous competitions of two institutions may led to the collapse both resilience and Yami’s social-ecological systems. Further, two institutions both encounter over-scale impacts from introduction of economic capitals result in the institutional failure. The economic interst has became the third institution of land governance of Oechid Island.
In sum, the case study of Orchid Island illustrates the influence of competition from two institutions, and indicates the recent complicated institutions combined from indigenous people, government, and capitals. The dynamic governance institution, therefore, is reguired to adapt to the challenge generated from comtemporary land use demand. Accordingly, a specific policy system consists of governance method, institution, subject, and regime is concluded to enhance the implementation of adaptive governance on Orchid Island.